Cognate Set 1105 – Meaning: ash

IE-CoR reference form:
?*pel(h₁)-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Gloss in IE-CoR reference language:
flare up
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Found in clades:
Baltic, Iranic, Slavic
Found in 3 clades by 28 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
79   Bulgarian pepel пепел ˈpɛpɘɫ ˈpepel
98   Belarusian popel попел ˈpɔpʲɛɫ ˈpopʲel
93   Czech popel ˈpɔpɛl ˈpopel
76   Lithuanian pelenaĩ pʲɛlʲɛˈnɐiˑ pʲɛlʲɛˈnaiˑ
95   Sorbian: Lower popjeł ˈpɔpĕɛw ˈpopjew
94   Sorbian: Upper popjeł ˈpɔpĕɛw ˈpɔpjɛw
80   Macedonian pepel пепел ˈpe̞pɛɫ ˈpepel
88   Polish popiół ˈpɔpʲjuw ˈpopjuw
83   Serbo-Croat pepeo ˈpɛ̂pɛ.ɔ ˈpêpe.o
91   Slovak popol ˈpɔpɔl ˈpopol
85   Slovene pepel pɛˈpéːw pɛˈpéːv
99   Ukrainian popìl попіл ˈpɔpʲiɫ ˈpopil
78   Old Church Slavonic popelŭ, pepelŭ попєлъ, пєпєлъ pɔpɛlʊ̆, pɛpɛlʊ̆ popelʊ, pepelʊ
77   Old Prussian pelanne EV
51   Wakhi parg parɡ
90   Polabian püpel pyˈpɛl pyˈpɛl
89   Kashubian pòpiół ˈpwɛpjuw ˈpopjuw
74   Latvian pelni ˈpælni pælni
75   Latgalian palni ˈpalʲnʲi palʲnjʲ
87   Old Polish popiół ˈpɔpʲoːɫ ˈpopʲoːl
92   Old Czech popel ˈpɔpɛɫ ˈpopel
100   Rusyn pọ́p′ïl ˈpopʲi̞l ˈpopi̞l
81   Macedonian: Suho pèp′ḁł ˈpe̞pʲɐɫ ˈpepæl
82   Macedonian: Visoka pèpil ˈpʲe̞pʲil ˈpepil
86   Slovene: Kostel pepel ˈpɛpe̞w ˈpɛpel
84   Slovene: Early Modern pepèl pɛˈpiew, pɛˈpiel
64   Balochi: Sistani por por
97   Russian pépel пепел ˈpʲepʲɪɫ pʲepʲel The more basic and general term vs. зола, rather fine and grey
References
  • Bezlaj, France: 3: 25
    Most probably *pel- 'burn' with a reduplication.
  • Boryś, W.: 463
    PS *popel- and *pepel-. Reflex of PIE *pel- 'burn' with a reduplication.
  • Derksen, Rick: 395
    From Proto-Slavic *pȅpelъ ; *pȍpelъ m. o (c) ‘ashes’, PIE *pepelh₁-o-, cf. p. 390 for the discussion of the root.
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 752-753
    S.v. OLith. pẽlenas 'Asche; Herd' (BSl. Latv. pȩ̀lni 'Asche', OPr. pelanne 'Asche', pelanno 'Herd'). Different etymological connections are considered:
  • Jocz, Lechosław:
    There are two hypotheses of the etymology of the Slavic *popel-, *pepel-. The first one assumes here a root ?*pel- 'burn' which has, however, very sparse - if any certain - attestation beyond Slavic (cf. LIV: 469). The second one assumes a relationship to various IE lexemes with meanings 'dust', '(fine) flour', 'chaff', 'poridge', etc. (*pelh₁- and/or *(s)pelH-). However, some of these lexemes are not necessarily related to each other (de Vaan 2008: 440, 477, 498). Some of the cited Slavic sources acknowledge two independent PIE roots in this case, while some other only one root with a strong semantic differentiation. From the semantic point of view the assumption of a separate root ?*pel- 'burn' and assigning the Slavic word for 'ash' to this root seems to be most resonable.
  • Machek, Václav: 430
    PS *po-pel- is a compound of the prefix *po- and root *pel- with a meaning 'substance that remains after burning'.
  • Rejzek, Jiří: 488
    Two possible etymologies are *po-pel- 'subtance that remains after burning' and a relation to Latin pollen 'dust, flour', Greek πάλη and Old Indic pálala- 'poridge, dust, dirt'.
  • Rix, Helmut: 469
    Reconstructs the PIE root as *?pel- 'to flame up', i.e. without the laryngeal.
  • Skok, Petar: 638
    Reduplication of *pel- 'dust, flour' or *pel- 'burn'. The first variant is more probable.
  • Smoczyński, Wojciech: 445-446
    The etymology is not entirely clear. Most probably a reflex of PIE *pel- 'burn' and related to reduplicated Slavic form *popel-.
  • Snoj, Marko:
    A reduplicated root *pelH- 'dust, flour', found also in Latin pollen, pulvis Old Indic pálala- Greek πάλη, παιπάλη, and in PS *pelv- 'chaff'. A relation to *pel- 'burn' is less probable.
  • Steblin-Kamenskij, I. M.: 258
    S.v. Wakhi parg 'зола, пепел', to IE *pel- (Ru. пе-пел, Lith. pelenaĩ).
  • Vasmer, Max: 234
    Related to Old Prussian pelanne, Lithuanian pelenaĩ, Latvian pę́lni 'ash' and probably to Latin pollen 'fine flour', pulvis 'dust', Greek πάλη 'dust, fine flour'. Reduplication of the root.
  • Šanskij, N. and Ivanov, V. and Šanskaâ, T.: 332-333
    Reduplicated root *pel- 'burn'.
  • Šapošnikov, A. K.: 117-118
    Reduplication of *pel- 'burn', related to Old Indic palalam 'a kind of poridge', Old Prussian pelanne 'ash', Lithuanian pelenaĩ 'ash', Latvian pélni 'ash', Old Greek πάλη 'dust', παιπάλη 'fine flour', παλύνο 'strew', Latin pollen 'fine flour', pulvis 'dust', and palea 'chaff'.