Cognate Set 1111 – Meaning: black

IE-CoR reference form:
*k⁽ʷ⁾ers-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
An Indic and Balto-Slavic isogloss (EWAia I:397-398, Turner 1962–1966:179 no. 3451, ESSJa 4:155-157, Derksen 2008:92, Derksen 2015:247). Because cognates are only found in languages that have undergone the satəm merger, the original identity of the velar as a plain velar *k or labiovelar *kʷ cannot be more precisely determined.
Found in clades:
Baltic, Indic, Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 3 clades by 29 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
79   Bulgarian čeren черен ˈtʃɛɾɘn ˈtʃeren
98   Belarusian čorny чорны ˈtʂɔɾnɨ ˈtʂorni
93   Czech černý ˈtʃɛɾniː ˈtʃerniː
34   Kashmiri krihon کرۃھن krehon krihon
95   Sorbian: Lower carny ˈtsɑ̈ɾnɘ̟ ˈtsarnɘ̟
94   Sorbian: Upper čorny ˈtʃɔɐnɘ̟ ˈtʃɔʀnɘ̟
80   Macedonian crn црн tsəɾn tsrn
88   Polish czarny ˈtʂɑ̈ɾnɘ̟ ˈtʂarnɨ
97   Russian čërnyj чёрный ˈtʃɔɾnɘj ˈtʃornij
83   Serbo-Croat crn tsə̂ɾn tsr̂ːn
91   Slovak čierny ˈtʃiɛɾni ˈtʃierni
85   Slovene črn tʃə̀ɾn tʃə̀rn
99   Ukrainian čornij чорний ˈtʂɔɾnɪ̽j ˈtʂornɪj
21   Vedic: Early kr̥ṣṇá- कृष्ण- kɾˈʂɳɐ- kr̥sná-
78   Old Church Slavonic črĭnŭ чрьнъ tʃr̩ʲnʊ̆ tʃr̩ʲnʊ
77   Old Prussian kirsnan adv.
22   Pali kanha kɐnɦɐ kanha
90   Polabian cornĕ ˈtsɔrnɘ ˈtsornɘ
89   Kashubian czôrny ˈtʃɛ̽ɾnɘ̟ ˈtʃɜrni
35   Palula kriṣíṇu کرِݜِݨوۡ kɾiˈʂiɳo kriʂíɳu
87   Old Polish czarny ˈtʂɒːrnɨː ˈtʂaːrniː
92   Old Czech črný ˈtʃɛrnɨː ˈtʃɛrniː
96   Old Novgorod černyi черныи ˈtsʲɛrnʲɛjɪ̆ ˈtsɛrnʲɛjɪ
100   Rusyn čórnωj ˈtʂŭɔɾnɤ̟j ˈtʂornɯj
81   Macedonian: Suho čèrna tʃe̞ɾnɐ ˈtʃerna
82   Macedonian: Visoka čàrna ˈtʃɑ̈ɾnɐ ˈtʃarna
86   Slovene: Kostel črn ˈtʃɾ̩n̩ tʃrn
84   Slovene: Early Modern zhirn
36   Gawri kiṣän کِݭٞن kʲiˈʂən̪̥ kiʂan H
References
  • Derksen, Rick: 92
    Cf. s.v. Proto-Slavic *čьrnъ (adj.) 'black' (ESSJa IV 155-157), from PIE *kr̥s-nó- (cf. Skt. kr̥ṣṇá- 'black').
  • Derksen, Rick: 247
    S.v. Lith. kir̃snas 'black (of a horse)' (OPr. kirsnan 'black'), from PIE *krs-no- (cf. OCS črьnъ, Skt. kr̥ṣṇá- 'black').
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:397-398
    S.v. Ved. kr̥ṣná- 'schwarz, dunkel'. Mayrhofer reconstructs *kr̥snó-, cf. Balt. *kirsna- (OPruss. kirsnan 'black'), Proto-Slavic *čьr(ch)na- > OCS črьnъ 'black, dark', etc.
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    As the only cognates are found in satəm languages, the possibility of a root reconstruction *k⁽ʷ⁾ers- with a labiovelar *kʷ cannot be excluded.
  • Trubačev, O. N.: 4: 155-157
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *čьrnъ(jъ), from PIE *kirno- or *kirsno- (cf. Ved. kr̥ṣṇá-).
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley: 179
    S.v. 3451 Ved. kr̥ṣṇá- 'dark blue, black' RV.