Cognate Set 1112 – Meaning: blood

IE-CoR reference form:
*kreu̯h₂-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Balto-Slavic lexemes derived from PIE *kreu̯h₂- '(clotted) blood, blood outside of the body' (NIL 444-448, ALEW 520-521, Derksen 2015:255, ESSJa 13:67-70, Derksen 2008:254).
Found in clades:
Baltic, Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 2 clades by 24 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
79   Bulgarian kr″v кръв kɾɤf krɤv Old accusative.
98   Belarusian kroŭ кроў kɾɔw krov Old accusative.
93   Czech krev kɾɛf krev Old accusative.
76   Lithuanian kraũjas ˈkrɐuˑjɛs ˈkrauˑjas
95   Sorbian: Lower kšej kʂej kʂej Old accusative (sic!).
94   Sorbian: Upper krej kʁe kʀe Old accusative (sic!).
80   Macedonian krv крв kəɾf krv Old accusative.
88   Polish krew kɾɛf kref, krev Old accusative.
97   Russian krov' кровь kɾɔfʲ krovʲ Old accusative.
83   Serbo-Croat krv kə̂ɾv kr̂ːv Old accusative.
91   Slovak krv kr̩w krv Old accusative.
85   Slovene kri kɾíː kríː Archaic nominative.
99   Ukrainian krov кров kɾɔw krov Old accusative.
77   Old Prussian krawia Third Catechism. EV: crauyo
78   Old Church Slavonic krŭvĭ кръвь krʊʋɪ̆ krʊvɪ Old accusative.
90   Polabian kåråi, kråi kɒˈrɒi, krɒi kɒˈrɒi, krɒi Archaic nominative.
89   Kashubian krew kɾɛf krev Old accusative.
87   Old Polish kry, krew krɨ, krɛvʲ/fʲ kri, krevʲ 'Kry' is the original nominative form, 'krew' is original accusative (that later overtook the nominative role (as in most Slavic languages).
92   Old Czech krev ˈkrɛβʲ krevj
100   Rusyn krọw krow krov
81   Macedonian: Suho kər̥̀əf kə̆ɾə̆f krv
82   Macedonian: Visoka kər̥̀əf kə̆ɾə̆ɸ krv
86   Slovene: Kostel krv kɾ̩f krv
84   Slovene: Early Modern kry
References
  • Derksen, Rick: 254
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *kry 'blood' (ESSJa XIII 67-70), from PIE *kruh₂-s; *kreuh₂- (cf. Lith. kraũjas, Skt. kravíṣ- 'raw meat', Skt. kravyá- 'raw meat', Gk. κρέας 'meat', Lat. cruor 'raw blood').
  • Derksen, Rick: 255
    S.v. Lith. kraũjas 'blood' (OPr. crauyo, krawia 'blood'), from PIE *kruh₂-s; *kreuh₂- (cf. Skt. kravíṣ- 'raw meat', kravyá- 'raw meat', Gk. κρέας 'meat', Lat. cruor 'raw blood'). The Baltic forms reflect a derivative in *-i̯o- to the root noun reflected in Slavic.
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 520-521
    S.v. OLith. kraũjas 'Blut' (BSl. s.v. Latv. kreve 'geronnenes Blut, Schorf', OPr. crauyo 'Blut', OCS krъvь 'Blut', etc.), from PIE *kreu̯h₂- 'Blut außerhalb des Körpers' (Ved. kravíṣ- 'rohes, blutiges Fleisch', kravyá- 'blutig', YAv. A.sg. xrūm 'blutiges (rohes) Fleisch', OAv. xrūra- 'gewalttätig, blutig, grausam', Gk. κρέας 'Fleisch, Fleischstück', Lat. cruor, -ōris 'dickes Blut (außerhalb des Körpers), OIr. crú '(stockendes) Blut' ON hrár 'roh', etc.).
  • Trubačev, O. N.: 13: 67-70
    PS *kry, *krŭve with an original meaning 'driping blood'.
  • Vasmer, Max: I:665
    S.v. Russ. кровь 'Blut', from Proto-Slavic *kry, Gen. *krъve.
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 444-448
    S.v. kreu̯h₂- '(geronnenes) Blut, Blut außerhalb des Körpers' (IEW 621f., EIEC 71). The Lithuanian and Old Prussian forms go back to PIE *krou̯(h₂)-i̯ó- which is also attested in the Ved. adj. kravya- 'bloody'. The Slavonic forms go back to a root noun with zero grade, PIE *kruh₂-.