Cognate Set 1161 – Meaning: play

	Language	Lexeme	Native script	Phonetic	Phonemic	Notes
79	Bulgarian	igraâ	играя	iˈɡɾɑ̈jə	iˈɡrajɤ
93	Czech	hrát		ɦɾɑ̈ːt	ɦraːt	In some contextes a form 'hrat *si*' is used.
95	Sorbian: Lower	graś		ɡɾɑ̈ɕ	ɡraɕ	In some contexts (when speaking about children) derivatives 'grajkaś, grajkotaś' can be used.
94	Sorbian: Upper	hrać		ʁatʃ	ʀatʃ	'to play a game, to play a musical instrument'. For the meaning like in 'The children are playing...' a derivative 'hrajkać sej' with the same root is used.
80	Macedonian	igra	игра	ˈiɡɾɑ̈	ˈiɡra
88	Polish	grać		ɡɾɑ̈tɕ	ɡratɕ	Meaning: 'to play a game, sport ('grać w'), or a musical instrument ('grać na').
97	Russian	igrat'	играть	ɪˈɡɾɑ̈tʲ	iˈɡratʲ
83	Serbo-Croat	igrati		ˈîɡɾɑ̈ti	ˈîɡrati
91	Slovak	hrať		ɦɾɑ̈c	ɦrac	In some contexts a reflexive form 'hrať sa' is used.
85	Slovene	igrati		iˈɡɾɑ̈̀ːti	iˈɡràːti
99	Ukrainian	grati	грати	ˈʕɾɑ̈tɪ̽	ˈɦratɪ	Meaning: 'to play an instrument, to play a game'. In the meaning 'to play like children' a reflexive form 'гратися' from the same root is mainly used.
78	Old Church Slavonic	igrati	играти	iɡrɑti	iɡrati	In the Canon it seems to be attested only in the meaning 'to have fun, to entertain. However, the meaning 'to play a game' is attested in younger texts.
90	Polabian	jaigroją		jaiˈɡrɔjaɯ̃	jaiˈɡrojaŋ	3 pl. It occurs in the context of playing children but the meaning of an attested derivative ('jagraića, jėgraića') suggests also the meaning 'to play a game'. For musical instruments other words (instrument specific) are used. There is also a loanword 'rozot' which has, however, a more specified meaning: 'to play, romp around, rage'.
89	Kashubian	grac		ˈɡɾɑ̈ts	ɡrac
87	Old Polish	igrać		ˈ(j)iɡra̠tɕ	ˈiɡratɕ
92	Old Czech	jhráti		ˈjɣɾɑ̈ːci	ˈjɣraːtʲi
100	Rusyn	ɣrátɪ		ˈɣrɑ̈tɘ̟	ˈɣratɪ	The verb 'bávɪtɪ sʹa' refers to children entertainment.
81	Macedonian: Suho	ìgrajam		ˈiɡɾɐjɐm	ˈiɡrajam
82	Macedonian: Visoka	ìgra		ˈiɡɾɐ	ˈiɡra
84	Slovene: Early Modern	ygrati

References

Boryś, W.: 175-176

PS *jĭgra 'ritual event with dancing' is probably derived from PIE *ai̯g- 'move quickly, briskly, shake', cf. Old Indic ejati / ī́jati, iŋgati 'move'.

Derksen, Rick: 209-210

S.v. Proto-Slavic *jьgrati v. 'play'. Rejects the earlier connection with Skt. éjati 'move, stir' < *h₂ei̯g- because it is "semantically unconvincing and formally unattractive because it is in conflict with Winter's Law."

Rix, Helmut: 223

*Hei̯ɡ- 'move (violently?)' with Vedic iṅgáyati, éjati andn ejayant- listed as cognates. PS *jьgra 'play' may belong here (however, it would be problematic due to the lack of Winter's lengthening). Cf. also Old Nordic eikinn 'furious'.

Trubačev, O. N.: 8: 208-211

The original meaning of PS *jĭgra was most probably 'singing with dancing'. It looks archaic has no phonetic variants suggesting a late derivation. It has been linked to Old Indic yájati 'enshrine a deity' and Greek ἅɡιος 'sacred'. A formal issue is that a reconstruction with *-g̑- for these words is probable. A centum-reflex in Slavic can be, however, a result of the context next to *-r-. PIE *i̯aɡ- / *iɡ- / *i̯eɡ- / *i̯əɡ-.

Vasmer, Max: 2: 116

PS *jĭgrati is related to Lithuanian aikštytis 'be fussy, rage'. Latvian aîkstîtiês 'shout, make noise', Old Indic ḗjati, ī́jati 'move' and Old Icelandic eikinn 'wild, strong'. It can not be relateed to Old Indic yájati 'enshrine, sacrifice', Avestan yazaitē and Greek ἅζομαι 'fear, enshrine', ἅγος 'sacred awe'.