Cognate Set 1163 – Meaning: red

IE-CoR reference form:
*kʷr̥mi-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Proposed as cognate to:
*u̯r̥mi- [Proto-Indo-European] scale: 2
Justification:
Lexemes in the meaning 'red' derived from IE *kʷr̥mi- 'snake, worm' adopted from the use of insects to produce red dye. There are some formal difficulties in reconciling Proto-Slavic *čьrvь 'worm, maggot' to PIE *kʷr̥mi-, but the cognacy is generally agreed (cf. ESSJa 4:149-150, 169-170; Derksen 2008:91-93 for further discussion). Probable late parallel replacement/shift with Sogdian cognate set 9774. See 'worm' in cognate set 172 for further etymological discussion.
Found in clades:
Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough, Lechosław Jocz
Found in 1 clade by 19 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
79   Bulgarian červen червен tʃɘɾˈvɛn tʃerˈven
98   Belarusian čyrvony чырвоны tʂɨɾˈvɔnɨ tʂirˈvoni
93   Czech červený ˈtʃɛɾvɛniː ˈtʃerveniː
95   Sorbian: Lower cerwjeny ˈtsɛɾʲɛnɘ̟ ˈtserʲenɘ̟
94   Sorbian: Upper čerwjeny ˈtʃɛɐwĕɛnɘ̟ ˈtʃɛʀwjɛnɘ̟
80   Macedonian crven црвен ˈtsəɾvɛn ˈtsrven
88   Polish czerwony tʂɛɾˈvɔnɘ̟ tʂerˈvonɨ
83   Serbo-Croat crven ˈtsɾ̩̌vɛn ˈtsřven
91   Slovak červený ˈtʃɛɾvɛniː ˈtʃerveniː
99   Ukrainian červonij червоний tʂɛ̽ɾˈβɔnɪ̽j tʂerˈvɔnɪj
78   Old Church Slavonic črĭvljenŭ чрьвлѥнъ tʃr̩ʲʋʎɛnʊ̆ tʃr̩ʲvʎenʊ
90   Polabian carvenĕ tsarˈvɛnɘ tsarˈvɛnɘ
89   Kashubian czerwòny tʃɛɾˈwɛnɘ̟ tʃerˈweni
87   Old Polish czerwony ˈtʂɛrvɔnɨː ˈtʂervoniː
92   Old Czech črvený ˈtʃɛrβɛnɨː ˈtʃerveniː
96   Old Novgorod červlenyi червленыи ˈtsʲɛrˈʋlʲɛnʲɛjɪ̆ ˈtsɛrˈvlʲɛnʲɛjɪ
100   Rusyn čerlénωj tʂɛɾˈlɛnɤ̟j tʂɛrˈlenɯj
81   Macedonian: Suho čḁrvèn tʃɐɾˈvʲe̞n tʃærˈven
82   Macedonian: Visoka čḁrvèn tʃɐɾˈβʲe̞n tʃærˈven
References
  • Derksen, Rick: 91-93
    Cf. s.v. Proto-Slavic *čьrvjenъ, *čьrvenъ 'red' (adj.), *čьrviti (v.) 'dye, red, lay eggs (of insects), which are derivatives of Proto-Slavic *čьrvь 'worm, maggot', from Balto-Slavic *kir-m/w-i-, from PIE *kʷr-m-i-. The Balto-Slavic vocalisation *ir instead of *ur before the labiovelar is unexpected.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:394-395
    S.v. Ved. kŕ̥mi- 'Wurm, Made' (IIr. cf. Manichaean Sogd. kyrm- 'Schlange', MPers. klm (kirm) 'Wurm, Drache, Schlange', NPers. kirm 'Wurm, Schlange'), from PIE *kʷr̥mi- (cf. OIr. cruim, W., Bret. pryf 'Wurm', Lith. kirmìs 'Wurm, Schlange', Sloven. čr̂m 'Fingerwurm, Karbunkel', etc.). Beside *kʷr̥mi- exists "a rhyme formation in Indo-European probably for reason of tabu" *u̯r̥mi- (NHG Wurm, cf. Lat. vermis), (so Watkins 1987:288).
  • Trubačev, O. N.: 4: 149-150, 169-173
    PS *čĭrv(j)enŭ is an early adjectivised and lexicalised past passive participle of *čĭrviti, a verbal derivation from *čĭrvĭ 'grub, worm, maggot' (cf. the ancient technology of the red pigment). PS *čĭrvĭ (and a more archaic form *čĭrmĭ) is related to Lithuanian kirmìs and Old Indic kṛmi-ḥ-. PIE *kʷr̥mi-.