Cognate Set 1196 – Meaning: back

IE-CoR reference form:
*xrĭb-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Slavic
Gloss in IE-CoR reference language:
?backbone
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Found in clades:
Slavic
Found in 1 clade by 11 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
95   Sorbian: Lower kśebjat ˈkɕɛbʲjɑ̈t ˈkɕebjat
85   Slovene hrbet ˈxə̀ɾbət ˈxə̀rbət
78   Old Church Slavonic xrĭbĭtŭ хрьбьтъ xrɪ̆bɪtʊ̆ xrɪbɪtʊ An alternative lexeme is 'зажда' but it is much less frequently in the Canon.
94   Sorbian: Upper chribjet ˈkʁibĕɛt ˈkʀibjɛt
91   Slovak chrbát ˈxɾ̩bɑ̈ːt ˈxrbaːt
90   Polabian grėb́åt ɡreˈbʲɑt ɡreˈbjɒt
87   Old Polish grzbiet ɡr̝ʲbʲɛt ɡr̝bʲet 'Plecy/e' means 'upper part of the back' and also 'shoulders, shoulder blade, back of neck'. 'Tył' is 'back' in both anatomical and non-anatomical meanings and is less frequently used.
92   Old Czech chřbet xr̝bɛt xr̝bet
96   Old Novgorod xrebetŭ хребетъ xrʲɪˈbʲɪtʲɛ xrʲɪˈbʲɪtʲɛ
86   Slovene: Kostel hrbet ˈxɾ̩bɑ̈t ˈxrbat
84   Slovene: Early Modern herbet ˈxərbɛt
References
  • Bezlaj, France: 202, 203
    There is no clear etymology.
  • Boryś, W.: 184
    The Slavic lexemes are derivative(s) from *xrĭb- and *xrib- which had also variants *xrip- and *skrip-. The variant whith *sk- is probably the original one. However, there is no certain etymology.
  • Jocz, Lechosław:
    This cognate class is not related to [cognate set 4989](cog-4989), in spite of the superficial similarity. However, it is possible that irregular changes of the initial consonant in Polish, Polabian and Czech etc. are due to a contamination of these two etymona. The irregularities can be explained also phonetically, though. Slavic cognates containing this root show a broad range of meanings, including 'back', 'top', 'hill', 'ridge', '(mountian) range', 'edge', 'sharp' etc. It can not be excluded that there is a relationship to one of the PIE roots with meanings 'cut', 'scratch', 'bend' like *(s)kerb-, *(s)kerbʰ or *(s)kreb- but any hypothesis would be rather very uncertain.
  • Rejzek, Jiří: 216
    There is no clear etymology.
  • Schuster-Šewc, H.: 400-402
    Reflex of PIE *(s)gerb- 'crimple, squeeze' and/or PIE *(s)kerb- 'sharp, cutting'.
  • Skok, Petar: 685
    There are no clear IE parallels.
  • Trubačev, O. N.: 107-109
    The root *xrĭb- along with variants *xrib-, *skrĭb-, *skrib- are related to verb *skrebti 'scratch'.
  • Černyh, Pavel: 355
    Reflex of PIE *(s)ker- 'bend' with -b- extention.
  • Šapošnikov, A. K.: 501
    It is a reflex of PIE *skerbʰ-, *skorbʰ-, *skrbʰ- with a semantic development parallel to Latin spīna.