Cognate Set 2444 – Meaning: round

IE-CoR reference form:
?*krengʰ-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Etymology difficult. Comparisons are typically made with Proto-Germanic *hringa- 'ring, circle' (Derksen 2008:251, ESSJa 13:25-27, Kroonen 2013:247, Kluge 2011:768). As Kroonen 2013:247 points out, however, the necessary reconstruction of *krengʰ- violates IE root structure constraints and may well point to a post-PIE origin for the Germanic and Slavic lexemes. Inexplicably, Kroonen also appears to consider that the lexemes are also related to Proto-Germanic *kringa- < PIE *greng̑ʰ- (cf. cognate set 9606). An alternative possibility would be that both the forms as though from *krengʰ- and *greng̑ʰ- were independent loan events from a third source although without any firsthand knowledge of a substratum source this solution is speculative.
Found in clades:
Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 17 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
78   Old Church Slavonic (o)krǫglŭ (о)крѫглъ (ɔ)krɔ̃ɡlʊ̆ (o)krõɡlʊ The word is not attested in the Canon (however, the basal substantive is).
88   Polish okrągły ɔˈkɾɔŋɡwɘ̟ oˈkroŋɡwɨ
97   Russian kruglyj круглый ˈkɾuɡɫɘj ˈkruɡlij
93   Czech okrouhlý ˈ(ʔ)ɔkɾɔuɦliː ˈokrouɦliː
83   Serbo-Croat okrugao ɔˈkɾǔːɡɑ̈.ɔ oˈkrǔːɡa.o
99   Ukrainian kruglij круглий ˈkɾuʕɫɪ̽j ˈkruɦlɪj
98   Belarusian krugly круглы ˈkɾuɡɫɨ ˈkruɡli
91   Slovak okrúhly ˈɔkruːɦli ˈokruːɦli
85   Slovene okrogel ɔˈkɾòːɡəw ɔˈkròːɡəv
79   Bulgarian kr″g″l кръгъл ˈkɾɤɡəɫ ˈkrɤɡɤl
89   Kashubian òkrãgłi wɛˈkɾɔŋɡwɘ̟ oˈkraŋɡwi
87   Old Polish okrągły ˈɔkrɒ̃ːɡɫɨː ˈokrãːɡliː
92   Old Czech okrúhlý ˈɔkruɣɫɨː ˈokruɣliː
96   Old Novgorod krugŭ кругъ kruɡ kruɡ Taking into account the other Slavic languages one can assume that the adjective for 'round' was derived from the root *krǫg- which is found in the attested form 'кругъ'.
100   Rusyn krúɣlωj ˈkruɣlɤ̟j ˈkruɣlɯj
86   Slovene: Kostel okrogel o̝ˈkɾo̞ːɡo̝w o̝ˈkroːɡo̝l
84   Slovene: Early Modern okrogil
References
  • Derksen, Rick: 251
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *krǫglъ 'round' (ESSJa XIII 23-24), an adjective in *-lo- derived to the same root underlying Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ 'circle' as though from PIE *krongʰ-o- (cf. OIc. hringr 'ring').
  • Freiberg, Cassandra:
    *krongʷ-o- seems to be the most viable solution, cf. the citations. Revision might be needed.
  • Kluge, Friedrich: 768
    Cf. s.v. NHG Ring (MHG rinc, OHG (h)ring, OS hring), from PGmc. *hrenga- 'Ring' also in ON hringr, OE hring, OFr. hring. Outside of Germanic one also compares OCS krǫgŭ 'Kreis' and perhaps Umbr. cringatro 'Schulterband'. Further provenance unclear.
  • Kroonen, Guus: 247, 305
    Cf. s.v. Proto-Germanic *hringa- 'ring, circle' as though from *kringʰ-o- (cf. OCS krǫgъ 'circle' < *krongʰ-o-). "An exclusively Slavic and Germanic root that is in violation with the IE constraint against the co-occurrence of plain stops and voiced aspirates. This makes it likely that its origin is to be found in the post-IE phase. Further cf. *hrungō- and - with irregular onset - *kringa-. Gr. κρίκος, κίρκος m. 'ring' is unrelated."
  • Rix, Helmut: 563
    Cf. s.v. ?*(s)krengʷ- 'sich krümmen, schrumpfen' (IEW 936). Verbal only Germanic, cf. OCS krǫgъ m. 'Kreis'.
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    Etymology difficult. Comparisons are typically made with Proto-Germanic *hringa- 'ring, circle' ([Derksen 2008](src-81):251, [ESSJa](src-458) 13:25-27, [Kroonen 2013](src-165):247, [Kluge 2011](src-397):768). As [Kroonen 2013](src-165):247 points out, however, the necessary reconstruction of *krengʰ- violates IE root structure constraints and may well point to a post-PIE origin for the Germanic and Slavic lexemes. Inexplicably, Kroonen also appears to consider that the lexemes are also related to Proto-Germanic *kringa- < PIE *greng̑ʰ- (cf. [cognate set 9606](cog-9606)). An alternative possibility would be that both the forms as though from *krengʰ- and *greng̑ʰ- were independent loan events from a third source although without any firsthand knowledge of a substratum source this solution is speculative.
  • Trubačev, O. N.: 13: 25-27
    PS *krǫgŭ 'circle' is derived from PIE *kreng(ʰ)- (< probably *(s)kr-en-ɡ(ʰ)- 'twist, circulate, bend') and related to German Ring etc. and Umbrian krenkatrum 'belt, girdle'.
  • Vasmer, Max: I: 670
    Makes the same connection as Kroonen 2013: 247 between the Slavic lexemes and Proto-Germanic *hringa- etc.