Cognate Set 411 – Meaning: hand

	Language	Lexeme	Native script	Phonetic	Phonemic	Notes
18	Albanian: Gheg	dorë				A singularised neut. plural PAlb *dara < IE *ghesr-, related to Gk χεîρ, Hitt. keššar, Toch A tsar-, Toch B sar-, Arm jern, all with identical meanings.
17	Armenian: Western	jeṙkʿ	ձեռք	tsʰɛɾkʰ	tsʰɛɾ-kʰ
16	Armenian: Eastern	jeṙkʿ	ձեռք	dzɛrkʰ	dzɛr-kʰ
8	Greek: Modern Std	chéri	χέρι	ˈçe̞ri	ˈxe̞ri
6	Greek: Ancient	cheír	χείρ	kʰéːr	kʰéːr	G.sg. χειρός
1	Hittite	keššar / kiššer- / kišr-	ke-eš-šar
3	Tocharian A	tsar		tsər	tsər	Probably from *śəṣə́rə < PIE acc. *g̑ʰés-r-m̥, though details and exact relationship to Toch. B ṣar unclear.
4	Tocharian B	ṣar		ʂər	ʂərə	From PToch. *śəṣə́rə < PIE acc. *g̑ʰés-r-m̥ with contraction. Exact relationship with TA tsar uncertain, though most scholars derive them from the same PIE source.
15	Armenian: Classical	jeṙn	ձեռն	ˈdzɛrən	dzɛr-in-
2	Luvian	īššara/i-	i-iš-ša-ri-iš (CL)
19	Albanian: Standard	dorë
13	Tsakonian: Peloponnese	chéra	χέρα	ˈçe̞ra	ˈxe̞ra
46	Avestan: Younger	zasta	𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀		zasta	hand (ahuric)
21	Vedic: Early	hástaḥ	हस्तः	ˈɦɐstɐh	hástas
65	Old Persian	dasta	d-s-t-		dasta	expected: δasta-
51	Wakhi	ðast			ðast
67	Persian: Tehran	dast	دست	dæstʰ	dæst
56	Kurdish N.: Bahdini	dest		dæst	dæst
22	Pali	hattha		ɦɐttʰɐ	ɦattʰa
5	Greek: Mycenaean	ke-*	𐀐	kʰer-	kʰer-	Attested as an element in compound ke-ni-qa /kʰer-nigʷa/ 'bowl for washing hands' (KN Ws 8497.β). Cf. lexeme 35648
49	Khotanese	dastä		dɐstə	dastə
7	Greek: New Testament	cheír	χείρ	kʰir	kʰir	> 30 attestations in the NT.
66	Middle Persian	dast	dst	dast	dast	ZP dst
55	Parthian	dast	dst	dast	dast
11	Greek: Cypriot	šérin	σ̆έριν	ˈʃɛrin	ˈʃɛrin
14	Tsakonian: Propontis	chéra	χέρα	ˈçe̞ra	ˈxe̞ra
12	Greek: Italiot	chéri	χέρι	ˈçe̞ri	ˈxe̞ri	Cal.; /ˈxe̞ra/ ‘hand, arm’ Ap.
10	Greek: Pontic	šéri(n)	σ̌έρι(ν)	ˈʃe̞ri(n)	ˈʃe̞ri(n)
9	Greek: Cappadocian	cher	χερ	çer̥	xer	also /ʃer/
25	Bengali	hāt	হাত	hat̪
26	Maithili	hāth	हाथ	hɑt̪ʰ
27	Magahi	hāth	हाथ	hɑt̪ʰ
28	Bhojpuri	hāth	हाथ	ɦɑt̪ʰ
29	Hindi	hātha	हाथ	ɦɑt̪ʰ	ɦɑt̪ʰ
30	Urdu	hāth	ہاتھ	ɦɑt̪ʰ
34	Kashmiri	athə	اتھہ	ɑt̪ʰə	ɑtʰə
35	Palula	haát	ہات	ɦa̤ːt̪	haát
53	Yaghnobi	dast
31	Nepali	hāt	हात	ɦat̪
33	Marathi	hāta	हात	ɦat̪
71	Kumzari	dist		dɪst	dɪst
23	Sinhalese	ata	අත	atə	atə
54	Bactrian	listo	λιστο		list
62	Tati	dast			dæst
48	Sogdian	δasti	dsty	ðɐˈsti	ðasti	cf. MS δsty
63	Mazanderani	dast			dæst
68	Bakhtiari	das		das	das
69	Delvari	dæs			dæs
70	Lari	das			das
64	Balochi: Sistani	das			dæs
57	Kurdish C.: Jafi	das			dæs
24	Assamese	hāt	হাত	ɦɑt		Beng.
32	Punjabi	hattʰ	ਹੱਥ
20	Albanian: Arbëresh	dorë			ˈdɔːɾə
47	Khwarazmian	δast	δst		ðast
58	Kurdish S.: Elami	das			das
60	Hawrami	das			dæs
61	Raji: Barzoki	dạs		d̪a̠ˁs	d̪a̠ˁs
50	Pashto	laas	لاس	laːs	laːs
37	Gawarbati	hast	ہست	hɜst̪	hast	GM hast
39	Pashai: North-West	wos	ووس	ʊˈoːs	woːs
38	Khowar	host	ہوست	hɔst̪	hɔst
52	Sarikoli	dheest			ðɵst
45	Vâsi-vari: Paṣki	l′ust		lˈust	lˈust
40	Kamviri	d′üšt		dˈyʃt	dˈyʃt
42	Kâta-vari: Ktivi	d′ušt		dˈuʃt	dˈuʃt
43	Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm	dost		dˈost	dˈost
44	Saṇu-viri: Wâmâ	d′ost		dˈʊst	dˈʊst
59	Kurdish S.: Qorveh	das			dæs

References

Adams, Douglas Q.: 711-712

S.v. TochB ṣar 'hand'. TochA tsar and TochB ṣar do not regularly go back to a single Proto-Tocharian preform, but they are normally understood to both go back to PIE *g̑ʰesr- 'hand' via different accent/ablaut stems. Cf. entry for further discussion and references to literature.

Beekes, Robert: 1620-1621

S.v. χείρ, χειρός 'hand, fist' < PIE *g̑ʰés-r-.

Demiraj, Bardhyl: 140

S.v. Alb. dórë, -a 'Hand, Handvoll, Griff'. The inherited word for 'hand' to be connected with Gk. χείρ, Hitt. keššar, TochA tsar, TochB ṣar, etc. Cf. entry in Demiraj for discussion regarding possibilities regarding the stem formation in Albanian.

Kloekhorst, Alwin: 471-472

S.v. Hitt. keššar / kiššer- / kišr- 'hand'. Hittite kiššar- reflects forms reflect an original r-stem from PIE *g̑ʰes-r-. The forms found in the Luwic subgroup, CLuw. īš(ša)ra/i-, HLuw. istra/i- and Lyc. izre/i- reflect a secondarily thematised form (as though from) *g̑es-r-o-, from Proto-Anatolian *g̑es-r- 'hand'.

Martirosyan, Hrach: 431-432

S.v. *jeṙ-, from PIE *g̑ʰes-r- 'hand'. The Armenian singulative jeṙn derives from the PIE acc. *g̑ʰés-r-m̥.

Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:812

S.v. Ved. hásta- 'Hand, Oberarm'. Indo-Iranian uniquely attests a *-to- suffix reflecting PIE *g̑ʰés-to- (cf. OAv., YAv. zasta- 'Hand', OPers. dasta- 'Hand', Khot. dasta-, Sogd., Khwarez. δst, Parth. dst, MPers, NPers. dast, Pashto lās, Shughni δust 'Hand', etc.).

Orel, Vladimir: 70

S.v. dorë 'hand', a singularised neut. plural from Proto-Albanian *dārā from PIE *g̑ʰesr- 'hand'.

Sims-Williams, Nicholas: 227

Bactrian λιστο 'hand' < Proto-Iranian *dasta- (cf. Sogd. δst-).

Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 170-173

S.v. *g̑ʰes- *'fassen?', 'Hand', 'Griff' (IEW 446f.). Indo-Iranian cognates reflect *g̑ʰes-to-, other languages reflect an r-stem g̑ʰes-r- or thematised r-stem *g̑ʰes-r-o-.