| Language | Lexeme | Native script | Phonetic | Phonemic | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 | Albanian: Gheg | drû | Also 'wood'. From PAlb *druwa < PIE dru(-n) etymologically compared with Slav drъvo 'wood', Skt dru- id., Av dru- id., etc. | |||
| 79 | Bulgarian | d″rvo | дърво | dəɾˈvɔ | dɤrˈvo | |
| 98 | Belarusian | dreva | дрэва | ˈdɾɛvɑ̈ | ˈdrevo | |
| 110 | Danish | træ | ˈtʁɛˀ | |||
| 112 | English | tree | tɹiː | |||
| 104 | Faroese | træ | tʰɹɛaː | Also 'wood', 'timber'. | ||
| 103 | Icelandic | tré | tʰrjɛː | |||
| 80 | Macedonian | drvo | дрво | ˈdəɾvɔ | ˈdrvo | |
| 88 | Polish | drzewo | ˈd(ʐ).ʐɛvɔ | ˈd.ʐevo | ||
| 105 | Norwegian: Bokmål | tre | tɾeː | tɾeː | ||
| 97 | Russian | derevo | дерево | ˈdzʲeɾʲɪvɐ | ˈdʲerʲevo | |
| 83 | Serbo-Croat | drvo | ˈdɾ̩̂vɔ | ˈdr̂vo | ||
| 85 | Slovene | drevo | dɾɛˈvóː | drɛˈvóː | ||
| 109 | Swedish | träd | trɛː(d) | |||
| 99 | Ukrainian | derevo | дерево | ˈdɛɾɛ̽βɔ | ˈderevo | |
| 1 | Hittite | tāru | ta-a-ru | Frequently also spelled with Sumerogram GIŠ. | ||
| 6 | Greek: Ancient | déndron | δένδρον | dé̞ndro̞n | dé̞ndro̞n | G.sg. δένδρου; alternative form δένδρεον (Epic, Ionic). |
| 8 | Greek: Modern Std | déntro | δέντρο | ˈðe̞ndro̞ | ˈðe̞ntro̞ | |
| 78 | Old Church Slavonic | drěvo | дрѣво | dræʋɔ | drævo | |
| 13 | Tsakonian: Peloponnese | dentžikó | δεντζ̌ικό | ðe̞ndʒiˈko̞ | ðe̞ntʒiˈko̞ | /ˈðe̞ndʒi/ NPT |
| 107 | Elfdalian | trai | trɑɪ | trɑɪ | ||
| 108 | Old Swedish | trä | træː | træː | ||
| 7 | Greek: New Testament | déndron | δένδρον | ˈdendron | ˈdendron | |
| 56 | Kurdish N.: Bahdini | dar | dɑːɾ | dɑr | ||
| 89 | Kashubian | drzewò | ˈd.ʐɛvwɛ | ˈd.ʐevo | ||
| 55 | Parthian | dālug | dʾlwg | dɑːˈluɡ | daːluɡ | |
| 11 | Greek: Cypriot | dentrón | δεντρόν | ðɛˈndrɔn | ðɛˈntrɔn | Alternative form: δέντρον. |
| 14 | Tsakonian: Propontis | dentré | δεντρέ | ˈðe̞ndre̞ | ˈðe̞ntre̞ | |
| 9 | Greek: Cappadocian | dentró | δεντρό | ðeˈndro | ðeˈndro | |
| 10 | Greek: Pontic | dentró(n), dentrítsi(n) | δεντρό(ν), δεντρίτσι(ν) | ðe̞ˈndro̞(n), ðe̞ˈndritsi(n) | ðe̞ˈntro̞(n), ðe̞ˈntritsi(n) | |
| 87 | Old Polish | drzewo | ˈdr̝ʲɛvɔ | ˈdr̝evo | ||
| 92 | Old Czech | dřěvo | ˈdr̝ʲeβɔ | ˈdr̝jevo | ||
| 100 | Rusyn | dérevo | ˈd(ɛ/ɜ)r(ɛ/ɜ)vɔ | ˈderevo | ||
| 81 | Macedonian: Suho | dъ̀rvu | ˈdəɾvu | ˈdərvo | ||
| 82 | Macedonian: Visoka | dr′ä̀wu | ˈdɾʲæβu | ˈdrævo | ||
| 86 | Slovene: Kostel | drvo | ˈdɾ̩ʋo̝ | ˈdrvo̝ | ||
| 84 | Slovene: Early Modern | drivú | ||||
| 63 | Mazanderani | dār | dɒr | |||
| 57 | Kurdish C.: Jafi | dār | dɑr | |||
| 58 | Kurdish S.: Elami | dār | dɒɾ | |||
| 111 | Old English | trēow | treːo̯w | treːo̯w | ||
| 102 | Old Icelandic | tré | treː | treː | ||
| 106 | Norwegian: Nynorsk | tre | tʁɛː | tʁɛː | ||
| 59 | Kurdish S.: Qorveh | dār | dɑr |
S.v. δένδρεον 'tree'. Ancient Greek δένδρον is generally connected with PIE *deru-/*doru- 'wood' (cf. also Chantraine, DELG pp.262-263). Δένδρεον < *δενδρεϝον agrees with the Germanic word for 'tree' (Goth. triu, OE trēow 'tree', etc.), but the form of reduplication to the stem is rare in Greek. Cf. also Gk. δόρυ 'wood, tree (trunk), spear' from *dóru-.
S.v. AGk. δένδρεον 'arbre', the noun based on *drew-, *dru- etc. (cf. Gk. δρῦς, δόρυ, etc.). The stem *drewo- is attested in Goth. triu- OEng. treow 'arbre', etc. Expressive reduplication rests on *δερ-δρεϝ-ον, developed to δένδρον by dissimilation of the first ρ > ν. The same treatment is found in *θορ-θορυζω > τονθορύζω, *γαρ-γραινα > γάγγραινα.
Cf. s.v. Alb. dru, -ri / drû, -ni 'Baum, Baumstamm, Holz; Brennholz, Bauholz' for discussion of the possible stem formations underlying the forms in Albanian.
Cf. s.v. Proto-Slavic *dervo 'tree, wood' (ESSJa IV 211-213), from PIE *deru-o- (cf. Lith. dervà 'chip of kindling wood', Skt. dā́ru- 'wood', Gk. δόρυ 'tree-trunk, wood, spear', Goth. triu 'wood, tree', OIc. tyrvi 'coniferous wood', OE teoru 'tar'); and Proto-Slavic *drъvo 'tree, (pl.) wood' (ESSJa V 141-142), from PIE *dru(H)-o- (cf. Gk. δρῦς 'tree, oak').
S.v. Hitt. tāru- 'wood', from PIE *dóru- (cf. Gk. δόρυ 'wood', Skt. dā́ru- 'wood', OE trēo(w) 'tree', OCS drěvo 'tree').
S.v. Proto-Germanic *trewa- 'tree', from PIE *dréu-o- (cf. Hitt. tāru- 'wood', ToAB or 'id.', Skt. dā́ru- (gen. dróṣ, drúṇaḥ 'id.'), YAv. dāuru- (gen. draoš) 'wood; tree-trunk', OPers. dāruv 'wood', NP dār 'wood; tree', Gk. δόρυ 'wood, tree(stem), spear', OIr. daur, dair 'oak', W dar 'id.' < PIE *dor-u-; OCS drъva 'wood', Alb. dru / drū 'wood; tree; stem, trunk' < *dru-). The Indo-European word for 'wood' and 'tree'.
Cf. s.v. Ved. dā́ru- 'Holz' (IIr. cf. YAv. dāuru-, OPers. dāruv 'Holz', NPers. dār 'Holz, Baum' šughni δōrg 'Holz, Scheit', etc.), from PIE *dóru-, *dréu̯-s, *dru- (cf. Gk. δόρυ 'Holz, Baumstamm, δρῦς 'Baum', Hitt. ta-a-ru 'Holz, Baum', OE trēo(w) = engl. tree, OCS drěvo 'Baum', etc.).
S.v. Alb. dru ~ drû 'tree; wood', from PAlb. *druwa to be compared with Slav. *drъvo 'wood', Skt. dru- 'id.', Av. 'dru- 'id.', Gk. δρῦς 'tree, oak'.
Cf. s.v. *deru-, *dō̆ru-, *dr(e)u-, *drou-; *dreu̯ə : drū- 'Baum'.
Cf. s.v. Proto-Iranian *daru-, *dāru- : dārau-, *dram(?), *drau- : *dru-, *druu̯a- : *dru̯a- 'дерево' (etc.), from PIE *deru-, *dō̆ru-, *dreu- : *dru-, *dru(u̯)-, *dreu-, *drou-; *dreu̯ə- : drū- 'дерево'.
The forms in this class all go back to an original stem in IE, probably u-stem noun with different Ablaut variants *déru- ~ *dóru- ~ *dréu̯- ~ *dru-, etc. (cf. IEW 214-217), with individual branches levelling out different variants. IEW reconstructs a paradigm *dṓru n., Gen. *dreu-s, *dru-nó-s, with further derivatives *deru̯o-, *dreu̯o-, *dru-mó-s, *dru-nó-s, *druu̯-ó-s, *drū-tó-s.
PS *dervo is derived from PIE *deru-, cf. Old Indic dāru-, dru-, Avestan dauru-, dru-, Greek δόρυ, Hittite taru- etc.
