Cognate Set 5922 – Meaning: round

IE-CoR reference form:
*krundi-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Celtic
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Etymology outside of Celtic obscure, cf. Vendryes et al. 1959–1996 C:253, Lucht 2007:329-330, Matasović 2009:227-228 for further discussion.
Found in clades:
Celtic
Found in 1 clade by 10 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
159   Gaelic: Scottish cruinn krɯin̪ʲ
161   Gaelic: Irish cruinn ˈkˠɹ̥ʷɪɲ ˈkrən̪ʲ
158   Old Irish cruind ˈkˠʰr̥ˠun̪ʲ ˈcrunʲdʲ
160   Gaelic: Manx cruinn krunʲ krunʲ cruinn
154   Old Breton cron
149   Old Welsh crunn krun
155   Middle Breton crenn ˈkrenː
157   Breton: Treger rond ˈɹõnːt ˈrõnːd
151   Welsh: North crwn krʊn krun
150   Middle Welsh crwn krun
References
  • Fleuriot, Léon: 123
    Attested in cron gl. tornatili 'round', cronn main gl. cylindro, salin cron 'la saline ronde' and cronion pl. gl. assiles 'rounded, round'.
  • Lucht, Martina: 329f.
    Proto-Celtic *krundi-. Lucht discusses two possibilities, which ultimately derive this word from the PIE root *(s)ker- ‘to turn’/'drehen, biegen' (IEW 935ff.): 1. as a derivation of the extended root form *(s)kreu̯- (cf. IEW 938). 2. taken as *kr-undi with a suffix also found in e.g. Latin rot-undu-s. 3. De Bernardo Stempel 1999 proposed to view it as Proto-Celtic *kro-n-do- where a -do-morpheme was affixed to an n-suffixed root form.
  • Matasović, Ranko: 227f.
    Proto-Celtic *krundi- 'round, compact'. Matasović favours the view that *krundi- is related to *krumbo- 'round, compact', as *krundi- < *krum-di-. He assumes that the PIE etymology for these words is "unknown", and that they thus might be loanwoards from a non-IE language.
  • Pokorny, Julius: 933-947
    5 PIE roots *(s)ker-: 1. *sker- as a basis for words meaning 'einschrumpfen, runzeln; rauhe Haut, Schorf, Kruste; vertrocknet, mager, verkümmert'; probably to 3. sker-. - 2. (s)ker-, skerə-:skrē- 'springen, herumspringen', "also and more accurately" '(sich) drehend bewegen, schwingen', "not to be separated from (s)ker- 'drehen'". - 3. (s)ker- 'drehen, biegen'. - 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- 'schneiden'. - 5. (s)ker- onomatopoetic. - He derives OIr. cor, curu (acc. pl.) 'circles', Cymr. cor-wynt, Bret. cor-uent 'turbo' of the root 3. (s)ker- 'drehen, biegen'. For this root, Pokorny (p. 936) also gives the extended forms *(s)kreng- and *(s)kregʰ-, *(s)krengʰ-. Of the latter, he derives inter al. OIc. hringr, OE, OS, OHG hring 'ring' as well as OCS krǫgъ 'circle', Curch Slavonic kruglъ, okruglъ 'round'. On these cf. [cognate set 2444](cog-2444).
  • Rix, Helmut:
    LIV² does not refer to the IEW root 3. *(s)ker- 'drehen/biegen'/'to turn, to bend'.
  • Vendryes, Joseph and Bachellery, Edouard and Lambert, Pierre-Yves: C-253
    The feminine forms of the adjective MW cron (vs. mask. crwn) and OBr. cron have lowering of the root vowel which is normally caused by *-ā and thus unexpected in the case of the i-stem *krundi-. According to LEIA, this is the result of an assimilation to the o/ā-stems.