Cognate Set 699 – Meaning: fear

IE-CoR reference form:
*bʰei̯h₂-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Indic and Balto-Slavic lexemes continuing derivatives of PIE *bʰei̯h₂- to get scared' (LIV² 72-73, cf. EWAia II:245-246, ALEW 112-113, Derksen 2015:89, ESSJa 2:163-164, Derksen 2008:50).
Found in clades:
Baltic, Indic, Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough, Lechosław Jocz
Found in 3 clades by 33 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
25   Bengali bhaẏ ভয় bʱɔe̯
98   Belarusian bajcca баяцца bɑ̈ˈjɑ̈tsːɑ̈ boˈjatsʲsʲa
93   Czech bát se bɑ̈ːt sɛ baːt se
76   Lithuanian bijóti bʲɪˈjoːtʲɪ bʲɪˈjoːtɪ
95   Sorbian: Lower bójaś se ˈbɛjɑ̈ɕ sɛ, ˈbɘ̟jɑ̈ɕ sɛ ˈbojaɕ se
94   Sorbian: Upper bojeć so ˈbɔjɛtʃ sɔ ˈbɔjɛtʃ sɔ
33   Marathi bhītī भीती bʱiːt̪iː
88   Polish bać się ˈbɑ̈tɕ ɕɛ(ɰ̃) ˈbatɕ ɕe(ŋ)
97   Russian boât'sâ бояться bɐˈjatsːɐ boˈjatʲsʲa
83   Serbo-Croat bojati se ˈbɔ̌jɑ̈ti sɛ ˈbǒjati se 'Bojati se' and 'plašiti se' are true synonyms and can appear in identical contexts. However, sometimes it is claimed that 'bojati se' tends to be used with with more abstract concepts and 'plašiti se' with concrete objects.
23   Sinhalese bhayin siṭinavā භයින් සිටිනවා
91   Slovak báť sa bɑ̈ːc sɑ̈ baːc sa
85   Slovene bati se ˈbɑ̈̀ːti sɛ ˈbàːti sɛ
78   Old Church Slavonic bojati sę бояти сѧ bɔjati sɛ̃ bojati sẽ
21   Vedic: Early bhī- भी- bʱiː- bʱiː- root
77   Old Prussian biātwei inf
99   Ukrainian boâtisâ боятися bɔˈjɑ̈tɪ̽sʲɐ boˈjatɪsʲa
74   Latvian baidīties ˈbɑidiːtiɛs bɑidiːtiɛs
90   Polabian bet bɛt bɛt
89   Kashubian bòjec sã ˈbwɛjɛts sɒ bojets saŋ Less frequently used than 'miec strach'.
75   Latgalian beitīs ˈbʲɛitʲiːsʲ bʲeitʲiːsʲ
35   Palula bhíia بِھیہ ˈbi̤ːja bhíia
87   Old Polish bać się, bojeć się bɒːtɕ ɕã̠, ˈbɔjɛtɕ ɕã̠ baːtɕ ɕã, ˈbojetɕ ɕã
92   Old Czech báti sě ˈbɑ̈ːci sʲe ˈbaːtji sje
96   Old Novgorod bojatisę боятисѧ bɔˈjætʲisʲæ bɔˈjætʲisʲæ
100   Rusyn bojátɪ s′a bɔˈjɑ̈tɘ̟ (sʲ/ɕ)ɑ̈ boˈjatɪ sʲa
86   Slovene: Kostel bati se ˈbɑ̈ːt sɛ ˈbaːt se
84   Slovene: Early Modern ſe bati
36   Gawri biūg بِھیُوگ bi̤ˑˈuːɡ̥ biuːɡ LH
24   Assamese bhôy ভয় bʰɔj
37   Gawarbati bangarik بنگرِک bɜ̃ŋɡɜˈɾik banɡarik
39   Pashai: North-West ǰaangə butu جانګه بتو ˈd͡ʒɑːŋɡuːˌt̪u d͡ʒaːnɡə butu
38   Khowar buhtiik بوہتیک bʊhˈt̪iːk buhtìk
References
  • Derksen, Rick: 50
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *bojati sę 'fear, be afraid' < PIE *bʰoi̯H-eh₂-.
  • Derksen, Rick: 89
    S.v. Lith. bijóti 'fear, be afraid', from PIE *bʰ(o)iH- (cf. OCS bojati sę, Skt. bhay- 'fear, be afraid').
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 112-113
    S.v. OLith. bijóti 'fürchten', derived from PIE *bʰei̯h₂- 'in Furcht geraten' (cf. Ved. bhay- 'sich fürchten').
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:245-246
    S.v. Ved. √bhay- 'sich fürchten' < PIE *bʰei̯H-.
  • Rix, Helmut: 72-73
    S.v. *bʰei̯h₂- 'in Furcht geraten' (IEW 161-2).
  • Trubačev, O. N.: 2: 163-164
    The Slavic lexeme is related to Lithuanian bijóti(s), Old Indic bháyate, Avestan bayente etc.