Cognate Set 7598 – Meaning: give

IE-CoR reference form:
?*h₁ai̯-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Proposed as cognate to:
?*h₂ei̯- [Proto-Indo-European] scale: 3
Justification:
Etymology outside of Anatolian disputed. In spite of phonological and morphological difficulties, generally connected to Tocharian lexemes in cognate set 7599 (LIV² 229, Adams 2013:107, cf. Malzahn 2010:542-543). The reconstruction *h₁ai̯-, however, is unusual from the reconstructed *-a- in the root. *h₂ei̯- would work for the Tocharian lexemes, but initial or medial *h₂ should have been preserved as -ḫḫ- in Hittite, and therefore this reconstruction is unsatisfactory. Adams 2013:107 reconstructs a root *h₄ei̯-, but the reconstruction of a phoneme *h₄ (an a-colouring laryngeal which left no traces in Hittite) is not commonly accepted. In view of the phonological difficulties in connecting of the Anatolian and Tocharian lexemes Kloekhorst 2008:614-616 prefers to split the Anatolian cognates as a derivative of Hitt. ēpp-/app- 'seize' with an ablauting suffix *-ói̯-/-i-´ (i.e. 3.sg. h₁p-ói̯-ei, 3.pl. *h₁p-i-énti). While the semantic connection between the Anatolian and Tocharian lexemes for a root 'give' is tempting, the difficulties of reconciling the root etymology from a phonological and morphological point of view, it is methodologically more preferable to split the Anatolian and Tocharian lexemes into separate cognate sets. Proposed cognacy between the two classes has been set at 4/6 – small majority view.
Found in clades:
Anatolian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 2 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
1   Hittite pai- / pi- pa-a-i
2   Luvian pī(i̯a)- / pāi- pi-i̯a-at-ta (CL) CL pī(i̯a)-, HL piya-. CL also attests a stem pāi- (3.sg.imptv. pa-a-i-ú, pa-i-ú) whose context also suggests 'give' which would be a more archaic formation (Melchert 1993a:163). Native script form pi-i̯a-at-ta is 3.sg.pret.
References
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 614-616
    S.v. Hitt. pai- / pi- 'to give, to pay, to grant, to hand over'. Kloekhorst prefers to split the Anatolian lexemes from Tocharian and Greek (αἴνυμαι), instead setting up a derived form *h₁p-ói̯-ei̯/*h₁p-i̯-énti, in comparison to Hitt. ēpp-/app- 'to take, seize'.
  • Malzahn, Melanie: 542-543
    S.v. TochB ai- 'geben', 'give'; mid. 'nehmen', 'take', TochA e- 'geben', give'. Precise root reconstruction disputed. May be derived from PIE *h₂ei̯-, or perhaps *h₁ai̯- (LIV² 229). Adams (2013:107) sets up *h₄ei̯-.
  • Rix, Helmut: 229
    S.v. *h₁ai̯- 'geben; nehmen' (IEW 10-11).
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    Etymology outside of Anatolian disputed. The lexemes in this class might be related to Tocharian lexemes in [cognate set 7599](cog-7599) (cf. [LIV²](src-141)). The reconstruction *h₁ai̯-, however, is unusual from the reconstructed *-a- in the root. *h₂ei̯- would work for the Tocharian lexemes, but initial or medial *h₂ should have been preserved as -ḫḫ- in Hittite, and therefore this reconstruction is unsatisfactory. [Adams 2013](src-345):107 reconstructs a root *h₄ei̯-, but the reconstruction of a phoneme *h₄ (an a-colouring laryngeal which left no traces in Hittite) is not commonly accepted. In view of the phonological difficulties in connecting of the Anatolian and Tocharian lexemes [Kloekhorst 2008](src-80):614-616 prefers to split the Anatolian cognates as a derivative of Hitt. ēpp-/app- 'seize' with an ablauting suffix *-ói̯-/-i-´ (i.e. 3.sg. h₁p-ói̯-ei, 3.pl. *h₁p-i-énti). While the semantic connection between the Anatolian and Tocharian lexemes for a root 'give' is tempting, the difficulties of reconciling the root etymology from a phonological and morphological point of view, it is methodologically more preferable to split the Anatolian and Tocharian lexemes into separate cognate sets. Proposed cognacy between the two classes has been set at 4/6 – small majority view.