Cognate Set 7856 – Meaning: river

IE-CoR reference form:
*h₂ep-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Proposed as cognate to:
*h₂ebʰ- [Proto-Indo-European] scale: 1
Justification:
Baltic and Nuristani lexemes derived from PIE *h₂ep- 'water, river' (NIL 311-317, EWAia I:81-82, Turner 1962–1966:19, Strand 2011a, no. 407, ALEW 1155-1156, Derksen 2015:483). Perhaps root-cognate with of Anatolian and Celtic lexemes meaning 'river', if the Celtic lexemes are to be analysed as from ?*h₂ep-h₃on- (cf. NIL 311-317 and further discussion in cognate set 1735).
Found in clades:
Baltic, Nuristani
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 2 clades by 9 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
76   Lithuanian ùpė ˈʊpʲeː ˈʊpʲeː
77   Old Prussian ape
74   Latvian upe ˈupːɛ upːɛ
75   Latgalian upe ˈupʲæ upʲe
40   Kamviri gâl′oa ɡalˈo̞ː ɡalˈo̞ɨ
42   Kâta-vari: Ktivi gul′ava ɡulˈɨβ̞ɨ ɡulˈɨβ̞ɨ = “valley-water”, the default river in the steep valleys of Nûristân
43   Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm golâv ɡolˈa̞β̞ ɡolˈa̞β
44   Saṇu-viri: Wâmâ golâb′o ɡʊlabˈʊ ɡʊlabˈʊ
41   Kâta-vari: Eastern gâl′ov ɡalˈo̞ʋ ɡalˈo̞v = “valley-water”, the default river in the steep valleys of Nûristân
References
  • Derksen, Rick: 483
    S.v. Lith. ùpė 'river, stream' (Latv. upe 'river, stream', OPr. ape 'brook, stream'), from PIE *h₂ep- (cf. Skt. áp- 'water', TochB āp 'water').
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 1155-1156
    S.v. OLith. ùpė (2), upė̃ (4) 'Fluss, Strom, Bach' (BSl. Latv. upe 'Fluss, Bach', OPr. ape 'Fluss', etc.), from PIE *h₂óp-/*h₂ep- 'Wasser, Fluss' (cf. Ved. áp- 'Wasser, Strom', OAv. ap-, YAv. āfš, OPers. ap-, TochA āp-, TochB āp- 'Wasser, Fluss'.
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    Perhaps root-cognate with of Anatolian and Celtic lexemes meaning 'river', if the Celtic lexemes are to be analysed as from ?*h₂ep-h₃on- (cf. [NIL](src-274) 311-317 and further discussion in [cognate set 1735](cog-1735)).
  • Strand, Richard F.:
    Cf. s.v. Kâtʹa vari gulʹava 'River (in a steep-sided valley)' (to be analysed as gul-âva 'valley-water').
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley: 19
    For MIA, NIA and Nuristani forms, cf. s.v. 407 áp f., pl. ā́paḥ 'waters' RV.
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 311-317
    Cf. s.v. *h₂ep- 'Wasser, Fluß' (IEW 1,51f., 1149; EIEC 486, 636).