Cognate Set 8251 – Meaning: mouth

IE-CoR reference form:
*oust- / *aust-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Balto-Slavic
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Proposed as cognate to:
*h₃eh₁- [Proto-Indo-European] scale: 2
Justification:
The IE root etymology of the Balto-Slavic forms in this class is disputed: the two main candidates are either to PIE *h₃eh₁-s-, *h₃h₁-és-os 'mouth' (NIL 387-390) or to ?*h₃óu̯st-o- 'mouth, lip' (NIL 390-391, Derksen 2008:509, Derksen 2015:481-482). The root reference form for this class tentatively follows the Balto-Slavic reconstruction of Derksen 2008 and Derksen 2015.
Found in clades:
Baltic, Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 2 clades by 16 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
79   Bulgarian usta уста uˈstɑ̈ uˈsta
93   Czech ústa ˈ(ʔ)uːstɑ̈ ˈuːsta An alternative lexeme is 'huba'. It is widely used but dictionaries of Standard Czech judge it as expressive or colloquial.
80   Macedonian usta уста ˈustä ˈusta
88   Polish usta ˈustɑ̈ ˈusta Plural only.
83   Serbo-Croat usta ˈǔːstɑ̈ ˈǔːsta
91   Slovak ústa ˈuːstɑ̈ ˈuːsta
85   Slovene usta ˈùːstɑ̈ ˈùːsta
78   Old Church Slavonic usta ѹста ustɑ usta An alternative lexeme is 'ѹстьна', with the same root.
77   Old Prussian austo
90   Polabian vaustă, vaistă ˈvaustɜ, ˈvaistɜ ˈvaustɜ, ˈvaistɜ Two different forms reflect different dialectal pronunciation. There is an alternative lexeme 'råt'. However, it is used primarily for animals, in the contexts of human it is expressive.
87   Old Polish usta ˈ(w)uːsta̠ ˈuːsta
92   Old Czech usta ˈustɑ̈ ˈusta
81   Macedonian: Suho ùsta ˈustɐ ˈusta
82   Macedonian: Visoka ùsta ustɐ ˈusta
86   Slovene: Kostel usta ˈʋÿstɑ̈ ˈvÿsta
84   Slovene: Early Modern uſta
References
  • Boryś, W.: 671
    PS *usta is derived from PIE *ōu̯s-t- / *əu̯s-t-, a derivative from PIE *ōu̯s- 'mouth', and related to Old Prussian austo 'mouth', Lithuanian uostà, úostas 'estuary, bay', Latvian uosts, uōsta 'harbor, bay', Latin ōstium 'door, entrance', Old Indic ṓṣtha- 'lip', Avestan aošta 'lip', further to Latin ōs, ōris, Old Indic ā́ḥ and Avestan āh- 'mouth'.
  • Derksen, Rick: 509
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *ūsta 'mouth', from Balto-Slavic *oust- (or *aust-?), from PIE *Hous-t- (*h₂/h₃eus-t-?), cf. Skt. óṣṭha- 'upper lip'.
  • Derksen, Rick: 481-482
    Cf. s.v. Lith. úostas 'port, harbour, (dial. arch.) mouth of a river' (Latv. uõsta 'port, harbour, mouth of a river', OPr. austo 'mouth'), from PIE *Hous-t- (*h₂/₃eus-t-?), cf. Skt. óṣṭha- '(upper) lip'.
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 387-391
    Either to *h₃eh₁-s-, *h₃h₁-és-os 'Mund' (IEW 784f., EIEC 387), or to ?*h₃óu̯st-ó- 'Mund, Lippe' (IEW 785, EIEC 387).