Cognate Set 982 – Meaning: cold

IE-CoR reference form:
*i̯eg̑-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Traditionally reconstructed as *i̯eg- (IEW 503) but the connection of Indo-Iranic *yaja- 'cold' points to *i̯eg̑- (Turner 1962–1966:601; cf. Kloekhorst 2008:234-235, HED A+E/I:257-259, Matasović 2009:435).
Found in clades:
Anatolian, Celtic, Nuristani
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 3 clades by 11 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
1   Hittite ekuna- / ikuna- e-ku-na-aš alternation ekuna/ikuna-. The form can be traced back to *ig-euno- (full grade stem ek- was probably introduced later), cf. aruna- ‘sea’ < *h3r-eu-no-.
155   Middle Breton yen ˈjeːn
156   Breton: Gwened yein jɛ̃ɲ
157   Breton: Treger yen ˈjẽːn ˈjẽːn
152   Middle Cornish yeyn jein, ein
153   Late Cornish iein, yeine jein, ein
45   Vâsi-vari: Paṣki üz′ü üzˈǖ yzˈyː yzˈy
40   Kamviri ′üć ʲˈyts ˈyts
41   Kâta-vari: Eastern i′uć yuċ jˈuts iˈuts
42   Kâta-vari: Ktivi i′uz jˈuz iˈuz
43   Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm ioz jˈoz iˈoz
References
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 234-235
    Cf. s.v. Hitt. eka- 'cold, frost, ice', from which Hitt. ekuna-, ikuna- 'cold' is a derived adjective, ultimately from PIE *i̯ég-o- 'ice' and cognate with OIr. aig 'ice', ONor. jaki 'ice-floe', etc.
  • Matasović, Ranko: 435
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *yegi- 'ice' < PIE *i̯eg- 'ice' (IEW 503), cf. Hitt. eka- 'cold, frost, ice', ON yaki, Wakhi yaz 'glacier'.
  • Pokorny, Julius: 503
    Cf. s.v. *i̯eg- 'Eis'.
  • Puhvel, Jaan: 257-259
    S.v. Hitt. eka- 'cold, frost, ice' (n.), with derived adjective ekuna-, ikuna- 'cold', from IE *yeg- (IEW 503), cf. MiIr. aig 'ice' (< *yegis), MiCorn. yeyn 'cold', ON jaki 'ice-floe', jökull 'glacier'.
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    Indo-Iranian-Nuristani cognates from *yaja- 'cold' (Turner 1962-1966:601) probably imply a reconstruction *i̯eg̑- with a palatovelar.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley: 601
    S.v. 10396 *yaja- 'cold' [IE. *yeg̑- 'ice' IEW 503?] (cf. Kt. yūċ 'cold', Pr. (y)ǖzu. Wg. yū̆z, yoz → Kal. Kho. yoz [→Wkh. yaz]).