Illustrative Context

I heard a noise last night.

Target Sense

• The most generic transitive verb for hear, in the literal, prototypical sense of perceiving with the ears, passively and without needing deliberate intention.
• Avoid other verbs that add the narrower meaning of specifically active, intentional or purposeful hearing. That is, the target sense is that of English hear, and explicitly not that of English listen. Compare with the analogous contrasts under the separate IE-CoR meaning see, i.e. not purposeful look (at) or watch.
• As in the illustrative context, the lexeme entered must be applicable at least to hearing any general noise, although as a generic, default verb it will in most languages be applicable very widely, usually to anything that can be heard.
• In many languages the literal hear verb can naturally extend to mean more specifically that one has heard a fact reported, i.e. involving not just physical hearing of sound, but also a process of understanding speech, as in English I’ve heard that you’re leaving tomorrow. This is not in itself an issue, but do not enter additional lexemes that necessarily entail this extension. Enter only the most basic, default lexeme for the target literal sense of simply hearing a sound, i.e. what the ears do, not any thought process about what one may then be able to infer from that sound. In particular, avoid terms that mean understand (and would therefore not be normal in the illustrative context above) rather than just hear
• Avoid any terms that are narrower in stressing the ability to hear sounds (and/or speech) that are decidedly quiet or barely audible, e.g. make out, catch.
• Avoid any additional lexemes that are extensions to any other more specific senses (as present in the English lexeme hear, for example), such as heed, obey, allow to speak, judge on.
• Avoid any additional lexemes that are more specific in predominantly referring to only certain types of sound, e.g. speech, music, etc..
• The target register is the default, neutral one of basic vocabulary. Avoid lexemes limited to other registers, e.g. discern, French capter, etc..