Cognate Set 1094 – Meaning: man

IE-CoR reference form:
*u̯iH-ró-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Indo-Iranic, Baltic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes from PIE *u̯iH-ró- 'young, powerful man' (NIL 726-729, cf. EWAia II:569-570, ALEW 1252-1253, Kroonen 2013:588, de Vaan 2008:681, Matasović 2009:423).
Found in clades:
Baltic, Celtic, Indic, Italic, Nuristani
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 5 clades by 15 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
124   Latin uir wir wir gen. uirī
77   Old Prussian wijrs
74   Latvian vīrs viːrs viːrs
76   Lithuanian výras ˈʋʲiːrɐs ˈʋʲiːras Also 'husband'.
158   Old Irish fer ˈɸʲɛrˠ ˈɸʲer
148   Gaulish uiros Extremely common element of personal names.
154   Old Breton gur
149   Old Welsh gur ɡur
161   Gaelic: Irish fear ˈfʲæɾˠ ˈfʲarˠ
155   Middle Breton gour ˈɡuːr According to the Catholicon (1499) synonymous to ozech. The latter is however found in other sources with the meaning 'husband, married man'.
147   Umbrian uiro Latin script: uiro (acc.pl., VIa 42, 50, 52, VIb 13, 32, 34, VIIa 17, 30), ueiro (acc.pl. VIa 30, 32, 39).
75   Latgalian veirs vʲɛirs vʲeirs
150   Middle Welsh gwr ɡur
45   Vâsi-vari: Paṣki vaǰǰim′i wəǰǰimˈī βɨd̻dʒimˈiː βɨdʒdʒimˈi
39   Pashai: North-West wiir ویر ʋiˑɾ wiːr
References
  • Derksen, Rick: 505
    S.v. Lith. výras 'man', from PIE *uiHró- (cf. Skt. vīrá-, Lat. vir, OIr. fer, Goth. wair).
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 1252-1253
    S.v. OLith. výras 'Mann, Ehemann' (BSl. cf. Latv. vĩrs, OPr. wirs, wijrs), from PIE *u̯iH-ró- 'junger, kräftiger (Mann)' (cf. Ved. vīrá- 'Mann, Held', OAv. vīra- 'Mann, Mensch', YAv. vīra- 'id.', MPers. vīr 'id.', Lat. vĭr 'Mann, Ehemann', OIr. fer 'Mann', OW gur, MW gwr 'id.', Celtiberian UIROS 'id.?', Goth. wair 'Mann', ON verr 'id.', OHG wer 'id., OE wer 'Mann, Wergeld', TochA wir 'jung, jugendkräftig').
  • Kroonen, Guus: 588
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *wira- 'man', from PIE *uiH-ró- (cf. Skt. vīrá-, Av. vīra-, Lith. výras, Lat. vir, OIr. fer 'man, hero', etc.). The Germanic form developed from *u̯īró- by Dybo's Law of pretonic shortening.
  • Matasović, Ranko: 423
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *wiro- 'man', from PIE *uiHro- 'man' (cf. Skt. vīrá-, Lat. vir, OIr. fer, Goth. wair).
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:569-570
    S.v. Ved. vīrá- 'Mann, kraftvoller Mann, Held, Sohn' (in Ir. OAv., YAv. vīra- 'Mann, Mensch', Sogd. wyr 'Ehemann', MPers. wīr 'Mann, Held', etc.), from PIE *u̯iHró- 'jugendkräftig, (junger) Mann, Krieger' (cf. Lith. výras 'Mann, Gatte', Latv. vir̃s 'Mann', Lat. uir, OIr. fer, Goth. wair 'Mann', etc.).
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 726-729
    S.v. *u̯iH-ró- (m.) 'junger, kräftiger (Mann)' (IEW 1178).
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 681
    S.v. Lat. vir 'man', from PIE *uiH-ró- 'man, young man, warrior' (cf. OIr. fer, Skt. vīrá-, Lith. výras, Goth. wair). The short vowel in Latin is due to Dybo's law.