Cognate Set 1456 – Meaning: bite

IE-CoR reference form:
*denk̑-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Proposed as cognate to:
*dʰei̯h₂gʷ- [Proto-Indo-European] scale: 0
Justification:
Greek and Indic lexemes derived from PIE *denk̑- 'to bite' (LIV² 117-118, EWAia I:688, Beekes 2010:299). Sometimes connected to these lexemes are also Tocharian AB tsāk- 'to bite', but these lexemes are probably better explained via PIE *dʰei̯Hgʷ- 'to sting' (cf. LIV² 142, Ringe 1988-1990:71).
Found in clades:
Hellenic, Indic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 2 clades by 9 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
8   Greek: Modern Std dagkṓnō δαγκώνω ðaˈŋɡo̞no̞ ðaˈnko̞no̞ Alternative form δαγκάνω
6   Greek: Ancient dáknō δάκνω dákno̞ː dákno̞ː Inf. δάκνειν
21   Vedic: Early daṃś- दंश्- dɐ̃ɕ- danɕ- root
22   Pali ḍasati ɖɐsɐtɪ ɖasati
7   Greek: New Testament dáknō δάκνω ˈdakno̞ ˈdakno̞ Attested 1x at Gal. 5:14. δάκνετε
11   Greek: Cypriot akkánnō ακκάννω ɐˈkːʰɐnːɔ ɐˈkkɐnnɔ Alternative form: δακκάννω.
12   Greek: Italiot dagkánnō δαγκάννω ðaˈŋɡanno̞ ðaˈnkanno̞ Cal.; /daˈkanno̞/ Ap.
10   Greek: Pontic dák(n)ō δάκ(ν)ω ˈðak(n)o̞ ˈðak(n)o̞ also /ðaˈkino̞/
9   Greek: Cappadocian dáknō δάκνω ˈðakno ˈðakno
References
  • Beekes, Robert: 299
    S.v. δάκνω 'to bite' also 'to sting (of insects), wound' < PIE *denk̑- 'bite'.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:688
    S.v. Ved. √daṃś- 'beißen' (cf. YAv. tiži.dąstra- 'mit scharfem Gebiß'), from PIE *denk̑- (cf. Gk. δάκνω 'beiße', NHG Zange, etc.).
  • Ringe and A., Donald and Jr.: 71
    Argues for the separation of the Tocharian forms in this meaning to a different root *dʰei̯Hgʷ-, cf. [cognate set 7228](cog-7228).
  • Rix, Helmut: 117-118, 142
    S.v. *denk̑- 'beißen' (IEW 201). The identification of this root with TochAB tsāk- 'bite' is debated. Ringe (Sprache 34 1988-1990 p.71) plausibly derives the Tocharian forms from *dʰiHgʷ- 'hineinstecken' from *dʰei̯Hgʷ- 'hineinstecken, stechen'. Cf. fn1 s.v. *denk̑- and fn4 s.v. *dʰei̯Hgʷ- for further details.
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 82-83
    Cf. s.v. *denk̑- 'beißen' (LIV 117f., IEW 201).