Cognate Set 188 – Meaning: black

IE-CoR reference form:
*su̯ord-o-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Germanic lexemes generally connected to Latin sordēs 'dirt' and derivatives (cf. IEW 1052, Lehmann 1986:333, Heidermanns 1993:574-575, Orel 2003:392; tentatively Kluge 2011:833; cf. also Ernout & Meillet 1985:637, de Vaan 2008:576 cited in cognate set 4865) as though from a PIE o-stem adjective *su̯ordo-. If these lexemes go back to the same source, then they may be a post-PIE innovation in Germanic and Italic. Not [Kroonen 2013].
Found in clades:
Germanic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 21 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
110   Danish sort ˈsoɐ̯d
116   Dutch zwart zwɑrt
104   Faroese svartur ˈsvaɻ̊ʈʊɹ
117   Flemish zwart
122   German schwarz ˈʃvaːɐts ˈʃvaːʁts
103   Icelandic svartur ˈsvar̥tʰʏr Replaced SVARTR.
105   Norwegian: Bokmål svart sʋɑʈː sʋɑrt
109   Swedish svart svaʈː
121   Luxembourgish schwaarz ʃwaːχts ʃwaːχts
114   Frisian swart swat
107   Elfdalian swart swɑrt swɑrt
108   Old Swedish svarter ˈsvarter svarter
123   German: Bernese schwarz ʃʋ̥arts ʃʋ̥arts
119   Old High German suuarz swarts swarts
113   Old Frisian swart swart swart
120   Middle High German swarz swarts swarts
118   Old Saxon suuart swart swart
115   Middle Dutch swart zwart zwart
102   Old Icelandic svartr swartr swartr
101   Gothic swarts 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃 swarts swarts
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk svart sʋɑʁt sʋɑʁt
References
  • Heidermanns, Frank: 574-575
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *swarta- 'schwarz', to be connected with Latin sordeō 'bin schmutzig', sordēs 'Schmutz', sordidus 'schmutzig', based on an original adjective *sordus 'schmutzig', this is either identical via a preform *su̯ordo-, or corresponds to a zero-grade *su̯r̥do-.
  • Kluge, Friedrich: 833
    S.v. NHG schwarz (MHG swarz, OHG swarz, OS swart), from Germanic *swarta- (adj.), also found in Goth. *swarts (Goth. swartizl 'Tinte'), ON svartr, OE sweart. Outside of Germanic one may perhaps compare Lat. sordēs 'Schmutz', sordidus 'schmutzig'. Further provenance unclear.
  • Lehmann, Winfred P.: 333
    Gothic s.v. S177 *swarts (only acc. swart), from PIE *swordo-s 'black, dirty', cf. Lat. sordēs 'dirt', sordidus 'dirty', sordeō 'be dirty' from adj. *sordus 'dirty'.
  • Orel, Vladimir: 392
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *su̯artaz, related to Lat. sordēs 'dirt' from *sordus < *su̯ordo- 'dirty'.
  • Pokorny, Julius: 1052
    Cf. s.v. *su̯ordo-s 'schwarz, schmutzfarben'.
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    Generally connected to Lat. sordēs 'dirt' and derivatives (cf. [IEW](src-49) 1052, [Lehmann 1986](src-179):333, [Orel 2003](src-388):392; tentatively [Kluge 2011](src-397):833; cf. also [Ernout & Meillet 1985](src-316):637, [de Vaan 2008](src-54):576 cited in [cognate set 4865](cog-4865)) as though from a PIE o-stem adjective *su̯ordo-. If these lexemes go back to the same source, then they may be a post-PIE innovation in Germanic and Italic. [Not in [Kroonen 2013](src-165)].