Cognate Set 219 – Meaning: fire

IE-CoR reference form:
*péh₂-u̯r̥, *ph₂-u̯én-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Anatolian, Tocharian, Hellenic, Armenian, Baltic, Germanic, and Sabellic lexemes derived from PIE *péh₂-u̯r̥, *ph₂-u̯én-, an inherited r/n-heteroclitic nominal stem (cf. NIL 540-545, EIEC 202, cf. Kloekhorst 2008:613-614, Adams 2013:421-422, Beekes 2010:1260-1261, Martirosyan 2010:426-427, Kroonen 2013:151, de Vaan 2008:500).
Found in clades:
Anatolian, Armenian, Baltic, Germanic, Hellenic, Italic, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 7 clades by 23 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
116   Dutch vuur vyr
112   English fire faɪə Middle English fir, Old English fȳr
114   Frisian fjoer fjuər
122   German Feuer ˈfɔɪɐ ˈfɔɪəʁ
6   Greek: Ancient pỹr πῦρ pŷːr pŷːr G.sg. πῠρός
1   Hittite paḫḫur / paḫḫuen- pa-aḫ-ḫur / pa-aḫ-ḫu-e-na-aš
3   Tocharian A por por por Exact relationship to Toch. B puwar unclear; probably contracted from PIE sg. *peh2-u̯r̥
4   Tocharian B puwar ˈpuwər pəwar From *ph₂u̯ōr ← PIE collective *péh₂-u̯ōr; see also Toch. A por.
121   Luxembourgish Feier ˈfɑɪɐ ˈfɑɪɐ
77   Old Prussian panno EV
15   Armenian: Classical howr հուր huɾ huɾ-ɔ- howr
2   Luvian pāḫūr pa-a-ḫu-u-ur (CL) only CL. The word is attested in an unclear text, but a meaning 'to light a fire' for Luv. pawariya- is ascertained. Unclear remains the lenition of the -h- in CL pāhūr.
147   Umbrian pir Native script pir (nom./acc.sg., Ib 12 (2x), IIa 19, IIb 12, III 12, 21), pure (abl.sg. Ib 20). Latin script: pir (nom./acc.sg., Via. 20, 26, 36, 46, VIb 29, 49, 50), pureto (abl.sg. + postpos. -to, VIa20)
5   Greek: Mycenaean pu-* 𐀢 pûːr pûːr Attested in occupational term pu-ka-wo [puːr-káu̯os] 'fireburner' cf. lexeme 35448 and Classical terms πυρκαεύς 'fire kindler' and πυρίκαος 'fire-burner'. In PY An 39.1, 424.1, 427.3, 594.1.
7   Greek: New Testament pỹr πῦρ pyr pyr > 30 attestations in the NT.
123   German: Bernese Füür fyːr fyːr
119   Old High German fiur fiu̯r fiu̯r
113   Old Frisian fiūr fjuːr fjuːr
120   Middle High German viur fyːr fyːr
111   Old English fȳr fyːr fyːr
118   Old Saxon fiur fiu̯r fiu̯r
115   Middle Dutch vuur vyːr vyːr
101   Gothic fon 𐍆𐍉𐌽 foːn foːn
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 421-422
    S.v. TochB pūwar 'fire', which with TochA por probably reflects Proto-Tocharian *puwār and generally connected with PIE *peh₂u̯r̥ and related forms.
  • Beekes, Robert: 1260-1261
    S.v. πῦρ, πυρός 'fire' < PIE neuter heteroclite-stem *peh₂-u̯r̥, ph₂-u̯en-s. In Greek πῦρ was generalised as an r-stem, πῦρ, πῠρ-ος.
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 613-614
    S.v. paḫḫur / paḫḫuen- (n.) ‘fire, campfire, embers; fever’, from PIE heteroclite stem *péh₂-ur / *ph₂-uen-s (cf. Gk. πῦρ, OHG fuir, Arm. hur, Goth. fon, OPr. panno 'fire').
  • Kroonen, Guus: 151
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *fōr ~ *fun- 'fire', from PIE *péh₂-ur, *ph₂-uén-s (cf. Hitt. paḫḫur, paḫḫuenaš 'fire', Gk. πῦρ 'id.', Arm. hur 'id.', OPr. panno 'id.').
  • Martirosyan, Hrach: 426-427
    S.v. Arm. hur 'camp-fire', long since connected with PIE *péh₂-ur, *ph₂-uén-s 'fire' (cf. Hitt. paḫḫur, paḫḫuenaš 'fire', Gk. πῦρ, πυρός 'fire', OHG fuir, Goth. fon, OPr. panno 'fire', etc.).
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 540-545
    S.v. *péh₂-u̯r̥(?), *p(e)h₂u̯ōr, *ph₂ur/n-, *p(e)h₂-u̯er/n- n. 'Feuer' (IEW 828, EIEC 202).
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 500
    Cf. s.v. Lat. pūr(i)gō, -āre 'to clean, clear', derived from Proto-Italic *pūr, *pun- 'fire' (cf. U. <b>pir</b> 'fire'), from PIE *péh₂-ur, *ph₂-uén-s 'fire' (cf. Hitt. pahhur / pahhuen- 'fire, embers, fever', Gk. πῦρ, πυρός, Arm. howr, Goth. fon, TochA por, B puwār).