Cognate Set 226 – Meaning: freeze

IE-CoR reference form:
*preu̯s-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Germanic and Celtic lexemes from PIE *preu̯s- (LIV² 493-494). The connection of the Celtic lexemes to this class follows Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (GPC), Falileyev 2000:137, Matasović 2009:140, but cf. doubts in Vendryes et al. 1959–1996 R:24-25, EIEC 287. For Germanic lexemes in this class, cf. Kroonen 2013:154-155.
Found in clades:
Celtic, Germanic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 2 clades by 25 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
110   Danish fryse ˈfʁyːsə
112   English freeze fɹiːz Middle English fresen, Old English freōsan
104   Faroese frysta ˈfɹɪsta
117   Flemish bevriezen
114   Frisian frieze ˈfri.əzə
122   German gefrieren ˈfʁ̥iːʁn̩ ˈfʁiːʁən
103   Icelandic frjósa ˈfrjouːsa
105   Norwegian: Bokmål fryse ˈfɾỳːsə ˈfrỳːsɛ
109   Swedish frysa ˈfrỳːsa
121   Luxembourgish fréieren ˈfʀɜɪɑʀən ˈfʀɜɪɑʀən
159   Gaelic: Scottish reòth rˠɔː
108   Old Swedish frysa ˈfryːsa fryːsa
151   Welsh: North rhewi ˈr̥ɛwi ˈr̥ewi
160   Gaelic: Manx rio roː roː reo
116   Dutch bevriezen
150   Middle Welsh rhewi r̥ewi
152   Middle Cornish rewy ˈrewi
153   Late Cornish reu rew noun
123   German: Bernese gfrüüre ɡ̊fryːrə ɡ̊fryːrə
119   Old High German friozan ˈfrio̯s̻an ˈfrio̯s̻an
111   Old English frēosan ˈfreːo̯zɑn ˈfreːo̯sɑn
115   Middle Dutch vriesen ˈvriə̯zən ˈvriə̯zən
120   Middle High German vriesen ˈfriə̯sən ˈfriə̯sən
102   Old Icelandic frjósa ˈfrjoːsa ˈfrjoːsa
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk fryse ˈfʁyːsə ˈfʁyːsɛ
References
  • 236:
    S.v. W rhew '(hoar-)frost, ice' (cf. OCo. reu, Bret. rev, etc. < PIE *prēuso-, cf. Goth. *frius).
  • Falileyev, Alexander: 137
    Cf. s.v. Old Welsh reulaun 'icy' (lit. ice-full), with W rhew 'frost, ice', OIr. réud, < *preuswo-.
  • Kroonen, Guus: 154-155
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *freusan- 'to freeze' < PIE *préus-e- (cf. W. rhew 'frost, rhime' < *preuso-).
  • Matasović, Ranko: 140
    S.v. Proto-Celtic s.v. *freswo- 'strong cold', which may be from PIE *preu̯s- 'freeze' (cf. Skt. pruṣvā́- 'drops of dew', Lat. pruīna 'hoarfrost', Goth. frius 'hoarfrost'), but one must assume a metathesis *-u̯s- > *-su̯- from earlier *preu̯s-o-.
  • Rix, Helmut: 493f.
    S.v. *preu̯s- 'sprühen, spritzen' (IEW 809-10, 846).
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    The connection of the Celtic lexemes to this class follows [Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (GPC)](src-236), [Falileyev 2000](src-240):137, [Matasović 2009](src-50):140, but cf. doubts in [Vendryes et al. 1959–1996](src-296) R:24-25, [EIEC](src-657) 287.
  • Vendryes, Joseph and Bachellery, Edouard and Lambert, Pierre-Yves: R:24-25
    S.v. OIr. réud 'grand froid'. The connection with Skt. pruṣvā́- 'glace', Lat. pruīna < pruswinā-, Goth. frius 'gel' is not certain as the Proto-Celtic form is difficult to reconstruct.