Cognate Set 2302 – Meaning: kill

IE-CoR reference form:
*gʷelH-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Baltic and Germanic lexemes derived from PIE *gʷelH- 'to suffer; to prick' (LIV² 207, cf. ALEW 286, 309, Derksen 2015:170, Seebold 1970:313-314, Kroonen 2013:315).
Found in clades:
Baltic, Germanic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 2 clades by 4 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
74   Latvian nogalināt ˈnuɔɡɑlinɑːt nuɔɡɑlinɑːt
77   Old Prussian gallintwei inf.
111   Old English cwellan ˈkwellɑn ˈkwellɑn
118   Old Saxon quellian ˈkwel.ljan ˈkwel.ljan
References
  • Derksen, Rick: 170
    Cf. s.v. Lith. gélti 'ache, sting, bite', from PIE *gʷelH- (cf. OHG quelan 'be in pain', OE cwelan 'die').
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 286, 309
    Cf. s.v. OLith. gãlas 'Ende, Ziel' (BSl. cf. Latv. gals 'End, Spitze, Äußerstes, Wipfel, Gipfel; Tod; Unglück, Pech; Gegend, Wohnung', galinât 'hungern lassen; zu Tode quälen; töten', OPr. gallan 'Tod; (die) Toten', gallintwey 'töten'). Lith. gãlas is an o-grade nominalisation to Lith. gélti 'stechen' (BSl. cf. Latv. zdel̂t, 'stechen, brennen, beißen', PCS žel’a 'Leid, Unglück'), from PIE *gʷelH- 'quälen, stechen' (cf. Arm. kelem 'quäle', keł 'Wunde, Geschwür', MW 3.sg.pres. vel 'schlägt', OE cwelan 'leiden, verderben', OHG quelan 'leiden, sich abquälen, trauern').
  • Kroonen, Guus: 315
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *kwaljan- 'to make suffer, pain' (ON kvelja 'to torment, torture', OE cwellan 'to kill', etc.), from PIE *gʷolH-éie-, a causative formation comparable to non-causative Proto-Germanic *kwelan-.
  • Rix, Helmut: 207
    S.v. 1. *gʷelH- 'quälen, stechen' (IEW 470-1). OPr. gallintwei < PIE ?*gʷolH-éi̯e-, secondary with Baltic causative suffix -in-, Neubildung?
  • Seebold, Elmar: 313-314
    S.v. PGmc. *kwel-a- 'leiden', probably from an original verb *gʷel- 'sterben', perhaps from an original meaning 'stechen'.