Cognate Set 231 – Meaning: green

IE-CoR reference form:
*grōni-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Germanic
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
A verbal adjective from the strong verb *grōan- 'grow', cf. Heidermanns 1993:260-261, Kluge 2011:378, Kroonen 2013:191-192. Extra-Germanic connections unclear, but perhaps further connected to Lat. grāmen 'grass', but the latter may also be connected with IE *gras- 'fressen' (cf. discussion in cognate set 8369, and in Seebold 1970:242-243, Kroonen 2013:191-192.
Found in clades:
Germanic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 22 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
108   Danish grøn ˈɡʁɶnˀ
114   Dutch groen ɣrun
110   English green ɡɹiːn
102   Faroese grønur ˈɡ̊ɹøːnʊɹ
115   Flemish groen
112   Frisian grien ɡri.ən Changed final -M to -n.
120   German grün ˈɡʁyːn ˈɡʁyːn
101   Icelandic grænn ˈɡ̊raid̥n
103   Norwegian: Bokmål grønn ɡɾønː ɡrønː
107   Swedish grön ɡrøːn
119   Luxembourgish gréng ɡʀeŋ ɡʀeŋ
106   Old Swedish grön ɡrøːn ɡrøːn
105   Elfdalian gryön ɡryœn ɡryœn
121   German: Bernese grüen ɡ̊rʏən ɡ̊rʏən
117   Old High German gruoni ˈɡryø̯ni ˈɡruo̯ni
111   Old Frisian grēne ˈɡreːne ˈɡreːne
118   Middle High German grüene ˈɡryə̯nə ˈɡryə̯nə
109   Old English grēne ˈɡreːne ˈɡreːne
116   Old Saxon grôni ˈɣroːni ˈɣroːni
113   Middle Dutch groene ˈɣruə̯nə ˈɣruə̯nə
100   Old Icelandic grœnn ɡrøːnː ɡrøːnː
104   Norwegian: Nynorsk grøn ɡʁøːn ɡʁøːn
References
  • Heidermanns, Frank: 260-261
    S.v. Gmc. *grōni- 'grün', a verbal adjective to the verb *grōa- 'wachsen'.
  • Kluge, Friedrich: 378
    S.v. NHG grün (MHG grüene, OHG gruoni, OS grōni) from Gmc. *grō-ni- adj. 'grün', also in ON grœnn, OE grēne. Derived with a *-ni- suffix to Gmc. *grō-a- 'wachsen'.
  • Kroonen, Guus: 191-192
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *grōni- 'green', an adjective related to Proto-Germanic *grōan- 'to grow', an o-grade strong verb from the root *gʰreh₁- 'to grow' (cf. Lat. grāmen 'grass').
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    A verbal adjective from the strong verb *grōan- 'grow', cf. [Heidermanns 1993](src-697):260-261, [Kluge 2011](src-397):378, [Kroonen 2013](src-165):191-192. Extra-Germanic connections unclear, but perhaps further connected to Lat. grāmen 'grass', but the latter may also be connected with IE *gras- 'fressen' (cf. discussion in [cognate set 8369](cog-8369), and in [Seebold 1970](src-556):242-243, [Kroonen 2013](src-165):191-192.
  • Seebold, Elmar: 242-243
    Cf. s.v. Gmc. *grō-a- 'wachsen'. No clear cognates outside of Germanic.