Cognate Set 263 – Meaning: narrow

IE-CoR reference form:
*h₂emg̑ʰ-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Armenian, Indic, Slavic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes derived from PIE *h₂emg̑ʰ- 'to hinder, restrict' (NIL 301-303, cf. Martirosyan 2010:94-95, EWAia I:39, Derksen 2008:388, Kroonen 2013:28-29, de Vaan 2008:42, Matasović 2009:36, 214)
Found in clades:
Celtic, Germanic, Indic, Italic, Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 5 clades by 39 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
98   Belarusian vuzkì вузкі ˈvuskʲi ˈvuzki
93   Czech úzký ˈ(ʔ)uːskiː ˈuːzkiː
122   German eng ˈʔɛŋ ˈɛŋ
161   Gaelic: Irish cúng ˈkʷʰuːŋˠ ˈkˠuːŋˠ
95   Sorbian: Lower wuski ˈuskʲi ˈuski
94   Sorbian: Upper wuski ˈwuskʲi ˈwuski
88   Polish wąski ˈvɔɰ̃skʲi ˈvoŋzci
97   Russian uzkij узкий ˈuskʲɪj ˈuzkij
83   Serbo-Croat uzak ˈûzɑ̈k ˈûzak
91   Slovak úzky ˈuːski ˈuːzki
85   Slovene ozek ˈòːzək ˈòːzək
99   Ukrainian vuz′kij вузький ˈβuzʲkɪ̽j ˈvuzʲkɪj
21   Vedic: Early aṃhú-* अंहु-* ɐ̃ˈɦu- anhú-
78   Old Church Slavonic ǫzŭkŭ ѫзъкъ ɔ̃zʊkʊ̆ õzʊkʊ It has two synonimical meanings 'narrow like a narrow river, road, table etc.' and 'narrow with a connotation of very little or too litte space, tight'. Probably the first meaning predominated but it is not entirely clear.
124   Latin angustus aŋˈɡustus anˈɡustus gen. angustī; antonym 'lātus'
159   Gaelic: Scottish cumhang kũ.əŋɡ
158   Old Irish cumung ˈkˠʊṽˠʊŋˠɡˠ ˈkuṽuŋɡ
155   Middle Breton hencq, enc, encq ˈeŋk Ex. pan-æ enc e-n hent M. 1734
90   Polabian vązĕ ˈvaɯ̃zɘ ˈvaŋzɘ Adverb, comparative.
89   Kashubian wąsczi ˈvuʃtʃi ˈvuʒtʃi
125   Romanian îngust ɨŋˈɡust ɨnˈɡust
160   Gaelic: Manx coon kuːn kuːn cumhang
156   Breton: Gwened enk ɛ̃ːk
87   Old Polish wąski ˈvɒ̃ːz/s(kɨː/kʲiː) ˈvãːzki
150   Middle Welsh cyfyg kəfɨŋ
92   Old Czech úzký ˈuzkɨː ˈuzkiː There is a synonyme 'těsný' (1410, 1415). Most probably ist meaning was rather 'tight, to narrow'.
96   Old Novgorod uzkyi узкыи ˈuzkʲɛjɪ̆ ˈuzkɛjɪ
100   Rusyn uskώj ˈuskɤ̟j ˈuzkɯj
86   Slovene: Kostel ozek ˈʋo̞ːzɑ̈k ˈvoːzak
84   Slovene: Early Modern voṡik The lexeme 'teſſán' seems to be less frequent.
154   Old Breton enc
123   German: Bernese äng æŋŋ æŋŋ
119   Old High German engi ˈeŋɡi ˈenɡi
120   Middle High German enge ˈeŋɡə ˈenɡə
118   Old Saxon engi ˈeŋɡi ˈenɣi
115   Middle Dutch enghe ˈeŋɡə ˈenɣə
101   Gothic aggwus 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌿𐍃 ˈaŋɡwus ˈanɡwus
152   Middle Cornish yn in, iᵈn
153   Late Cornish edn, idn, idden eᵈn, iᵈn
References
  • Boryś, W.: 682
    PS *ǫzŭkŭ is derived from PIE *ang̑ʰ- 'narrow', cf. German eng, Latin angustis, Old Indic aṁhús etc.
  • Derksen, Rick: 388
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *ǫzъkъ 'narrow', from PIE *h₂emg̑ʰ-u- (cf. Skt. aṃhú-, Lat. angustus, Goth. aggwus).
  • Kroonen, Guus: 28-29
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *angwu- 'narrow', from PIE h₂emg̑ʰ-ú- (cf. Skt. aṃhú- 'narrow', MP hnzwg- 'id.', Arm. anj-uk 'narrow, difficult', OCS ǫzъkъ 'narrow'; OIr. cumung, < *(kom-)h₂emg̑ʰ-u-).
  • Martirosyan, Hrach: 74-75
    S.v. Arm. anjuk 'narrow; difficult', long since connected to PIE *h₂(e)ng̑ʰ-u- 'narrow' (Skt. aṁhu-, Goth. aggwu, etc.).
  • Matasović, Ranko: 36, 214
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *angu- and *kom-angu- 'narrow', from PIE *h₂emg̑ʰ-u- 'tight, narrow, contricted' (cf. Skt. aṃhú- 'narrow', Lat. angō 'strangle', OHG engi 'narrow', OCS ǫzъkъ).
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:39
    S.v. Ved. aṁhú-, only in aṁhú-bhédi- 'engspaltig', from PIE *h₂eNg̑ʰ-ú-, (cf. Lat. angi- in angi-portus, Goth. aggwu, OCS ǫzъkъ).
  • Rix, Helmut: 264-265
    S.v. *h₂emg̑ʰ- '(zu)schnüren' → 'beengen' (IEW 42-3).
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 301-303
    S.v. *h₂emg̑ʰ- '(zu)schnüren' → 'beengen' (LIV 264f., IEW 42f.).
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 42
    S.v. Lat. angō, -ere 'to strangle, to choke', from which Lat. angustus 'narrow' is a derived adjective. Lat. angō goes back to PIE *h₂emg̑ʰ-e/o- 'to tie, tighten', whereas angustus is as if from PIE *h₂emg̑ʰ-os-to- 'characterised by narrowness'.