Cognate Set 311 – Meaning: stone

IE-CoR reference form:
*sti̯eH-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Lexemes continuing Proto-Germanic *staina- 'stone', reflecting PIE *stoiH-no- (Kroonen 2013:472, cf. de Vries 1977:546, Lehmann 1986:321-322). Further derived from PIE *sti̯eH- 'to become stiff' (following the reconstruction of LIV² 603).
Found in clades:
Germanic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 23 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
110   Danish sten ˈsdeˀn
116   Dutch steen sten
112   English stone stəʊn
104   Faroese steinur ˈstaiːnʊɹ
117   Flemish steen
114   Frisian stien sti.ən
122   German Stein ˈʃtaɪn ˈʃtaɪn
103   Icelandic steinn steid̥n Also 'rock'.
105   Norwegian: Bokmål stein stæɪn stæɪn
109   Swedish sten steːn
121   Luxembourgish Steen ʃteːn ʃteːn
107   Elfdalian stie stɪɛ stɪɛ
108   Old Swedish sten steːn steːn
123   German: Bernese Stei ʃtɛɪ ʃtɛɪ
119   Old High German stein stei̯n stei̯n
113   Old Frisian stēn stɛːn stɛːn
120   Middle High German stein stei̯n stei̯n
111   Old English stān stɑːn stɑːn
118   Old Saxon stên stɛːn stɛːn
115   Middle Dutch steen steːn steːn
102   Old Icelandic steinn stɛi̯nː stɛi̯nː
101   Gothic stains 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 stɛːns stɛːns
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk stein stæin stæin
References
  • Kroonen, Guus: 472
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *staina- 'stone', from PIE *stoiH-no- (cf. OCS stěna, Russ. stená 'wall' < stoih₂-neh₂-; Gk. στία, στῖον 'small stone, pebble' < *stih₂-io/eh₂-), a no-stem created to the PIE root *steih₂- 'to stiffen' (cf. Skt. styā́yate 'to coagulate').
  • Lehmann, Winfred P.: 321-322
    S.v. Goth. S.130 stains 'λίθος', 'stone', 'πέτρα', 'rock', from PIE *stāy- 'thicken', cf. Skt. styā́yate 'coagulate', Gk. στία, στῖον 'pebble', στέαρ 'tallow'.
  • Rix, Helmut: 603
    Cf. s.v. ?*sti̯eH- 'steif werden' (IEW 1010-1). Only verbal in Indo-Iranian. Cf. AGk. στέαρ 'hard fat', Germ. *staina- m. 'stone'; cf. Mayrhofer, EWAia II:762-763 s.v. √styā- 'fest werden'.
  • de Vries, Jan: 546
    S.v. ON steinn 'stein, edelstein, steinhaus', cf. Goth. stains, OCS stěna 'Mauer', Gk. στία, στῖον 'steinchen', Skt. styāyate 'gerinnt, wird hart'.