Cognate Set 329 – Meaning: tree

IE-CoR reference form:
*bagma-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Germanic
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Etymology outside Germanic disputed; either (1) to PIE *bʰu̯eh₂- (Lehmann 1986:55-56, Orel 2003:32, 39; for the root cf. LIV² 98-100); or (2) to PIE *bʰeh₂g̑ʰ- and related to the IE word for 'upper-arm' *bʰeh₂g̑ʰ-u- (Kroonen 2013:47).
Found in clades:
Germanic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 12 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
116   Dutch boom bom
117   Flemish boom
114   Frisian beam bɪ.əm Changed from BOME.
122   German Baum ˈbaʊm ˈbaʊm
121   Luxembourgish Bam baːm baːm
123   German: Bernese Boum b̥ɔʊm b̥ɔʊm
119   Old High German boum bou̯m bou̯m
113   Old Frisian bām baːm baːm
120   Middle High German boum bou̯m bou̯m
118   Old Saxon bôm bɔːm bɔːm
115   Middle Dutch boom boːm boːm
101   Gothic bagms 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 baɣms baɡms
References
  • Kroonen, Guus: 47
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *bagma- 'beam, tree' < PIE *bʰh₂g̑ʰ-mo-. The word is most likely related to PGmc. *bōgu- 'shoulder, upper arm) in OE bōg m. 'shoulder' < PIE *bʰeh₂g̑ʰ-u- (cf. Gk. πῆχυς, Skt. bāhu- 'forearm', etc.). The widely spread idea that the word continues *baww-ma- and derived to PIE *bʰh₂u- 'to grow' is flawed because the original meaning 'beam' instead of 'tree', therefore the proposed connection to *bōgu- 'shoulder, upper arm' < PIE *bʰeh₂g̑ʰ-u-.
  • Lehmann, Winfred P.: 55-56
    S.v Goth. B5 bagms 'δένδρον', 'tree', precise etymology difficult, but assumed to be connected to PIE *bʰeu̯- with a laryngeal extension (cf. Gk. φῦμα 'growth', Skt. bhū́ma 'being, earth'. Other hypotheses such as mixture with reflexes of *bagʰ- or relationship with Skt. bahúṣ 'arm' are dubious.
  • Orel, Vladimir: 32, 39
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *ƀaʒmaz ~ *ƀaʒnaz, an irregular phonetic transformation of *ƀaumaz 'beam' and further connected with PIE *bheu- 'to grow', cf. Gk. φῦμα 'growth', bhū́man- 'being, world, earth'.