Cognate Set 335 – Meaning: water

IE-CoR reference form:
*u̯ed-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Anatolian, Tocharian, Hellenic, Albanian, Indic, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes derived from PIE *u̯ód-r̥-, *u̯ed-en- 'water', a heteroclite r/n-stem derived to PIE *u̯ed- 'to well up, stream' (NIL 706-715, cf. Kloekhorst 2008:987-988, Adams 2013:627-628, Beekes 2010:5126-1527, Demiraj 1997:401-402, Orel 1998:482-483, EWAia I:215-216, ALEW 1185-1186, Derksen 2015:488, Derksen 2008:523, Kroonen 2013:575-576, Untermann 2000:815-816, Vendryes et al. 1959–1996 U:21, Matasović 2009:394).
Found in clades:
Albanian, Anatolian, Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indic, Italic, Slavic, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 10 clades by 68 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
18   Albanian: Gheg ujë From PAlb *udrjā < IE *ued- 'water'.
79   Bulgarian voda вода vuˈdɑ̈ voˈda
98   Belarusian vada вада vɑ̈ˈdɑ̈ voˈda
93   Czech voda ˈvɔdɑ̈ ˈvoda
110   Danish vand ˈvanˀ
116   Dutch water ˈwatər
112   English water ˈwɔːtə
104   Faroese vatn vaʰtn̥
117   Flemish water
114   Frisian wetter ˈvɛtər
122   German Wasser ˈvasɐ ˈvasəʁ
103   Icelandic vatn vaʰtn̥ Also 'lake'.
161   Gaelic: Irish uisce ˈɪʃcə ˈØˠəsʲkʲə
76   Lithuanian vanduõ ʋɐnˈdʊoː vanˈdʊoː
95   Sorbian: Lower woda ˈwɛdɑ̈, ˈwɘ̟dɑ̈ ˈwoda
94   Sorbian: Upper woda ˈwɔdɑ̈ ˈwɔda
80   Macedonian voda вода ˈvo̞dɑ̈ ˈvoda
88   Polish woda ˈvɔdɑ̈ ˈvoda
105   Norwegian: Bokmål vann ʋɑnː ʋɑnː
97   Russian voda вода vɐˈdɑ̈ voˈda
83   Serbo-Croat voda ˈvɔ̌dɑ̈ ˈvǒda
91   Slovak voda ˈvɔdɑ̈ ˈvoda
85   Slovene voda ˈvɔ̀ːdɑ̈ ˈvɔ̀ːda
109   Swedish vatten ˈvatːən
99   Ukrainian voda вода βɔˈdɑ̈ voˈda
159   Gaelic: Scottish uisge ɯʃɡʲə also 'rain' lexeme 24007
74   Latvian ūdens ˈuːdɛns uːdɛns
121   Luxembourgish Waasser ˈvaːsɐ ˈvaːsɐ
1   Hittite u̯ātar / u̯itēn- u̯a-a-tar / ú-u̯i₅-te-na-aš
78   Old Church Slavonic voda вода ʋɔdɑ voda
77   Old Prussian unds m., EV wundan n.
158   Old Irish uisce ˈʊsʲkʲɛ ˈusʲkʲe
3   Tocharian A wär wɨr wr Ultimately cognate with PIE *u̯ód-r̥, but details unclear.
4   Tocharian B war wər wərə Ultimately cognate with PIE *u̯ód-r̥, but details unclear.
19   Albanian: Standard ujë
160   Gaelic: Manx ushtey ˈuʃtʲə ˈuʃtʲə uisce
13   Tsakonian: Peloponnese ýo ύο ˈio̞ ˈio̞
107   Elfdalian wattn wɑ́tːn̩ wɑ́tːn̩
108   Old Swedish vatn vatn vatn
22   Pali udaka ʊdɐkɐ udaka
5   Greek: Mycenaean u-do 𐀄𐀈 hudo̞ːr hudo̞ːr Noun masc. N.sg. in KN K 873.1. Most likely to be *ὕδωρ 'water' (Attic ὕδωρ).
7   Greek: New Testament hýdōr ὕδωρ ˈydo̞r ˈydo̞r > 30 attestations in the NT.
147   Umbrian utur Native script: utur (acc.sg., IIb 15), une (abl.sg., IIb 20). Neuter -r-/-n-stem.
90   Polabian vådă ˈvɒdɜ ˈvɒdɜ
89   Kashubian wòda ˈwɛdɑ̈ voda
6   Greek: Ancient hýdōr ὕδωρ hýdo̞ːr hýdo̞ːr G.sg. ὕδατος
75   Latgalian iudiņs ˈiudʲinʲtsʲ iudʲinʲsʲ
35   Palula wíi وی ʋiː wíi
87   Old Polish woda ˈvɔda̠ ˈvoda
92   Old Czech voda ˈβɔdɑ̈ ˈvoda
96   Old Novgorod voda вода ʋɔˈdɑ vɔˈda
100   Rusyn vodá (v/β)ɔˈdɑ̈ voˈda
81   Macedonian: Suho vòda ˈvo̞dɐ ˈvoda
82   Macedonian: Visoka òda ˈo̞dɐ ˈoda
86   Slovene: Kostel voda ˈʋɔːdɑ̈ ˈvɔːda
84   Slovene: Early Modern voda
123   German: Bernese Wasser ʋ̥assər ʋ̥assər
20   Albanian: Arbëresh ujët ˈujət
39   Pashai: North-West worgə وورګه ˈʋoˑɾɡə woːrɡə
119   Old High German wazzar ˈwas̻s̻ar ˈwas̻s̻ar
113   Old Frisian weter ˈweter ˈweter
120   Middle High German wazzer ˈwas̻s̻ər ˈwas̻s̻ər
111   Old English wæter ˈwæter ˈwæter
118   Old Saxon uuatar ˈwatar ˈwatar
115   Middle Dutch water ˈwaːtər ˈwaːtər
102   Old Icelandic vatn watn watn
101   Gothic wato 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 ˈwatoː ˈwatoː
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk vatn ʋɑtn ʋɑtn
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 627-628
    S.v. TochB war 'water', which with TochA wär reflect Proto-Tocharian *wärä, probably a regular reflex of PIE *udrom, a regular thematisation of *wodr-/udn-.
  • Beekes, Robert: 1526-1527
    S.v. ὕδωρ, -ατος 'water', from PIE *u̯od-r̥, *ud-n-, coll. udōr 'water'.
  • Demiraj, Bardhyl: 401-402
    S.v. Alb. új/ë 'Wasser', D. alternatively derives Albanian forms from PIE *(H)uh₁r̥-i̯o/e-, cf. Skt. vā́r < *(H)u̯(e)h₁-r-.
  • Derksen, Rick: 523
    Cf. s.v. Proto-Slavic *voda 'water' from PIE *uod-r/n- 'water' (cf. Skt. udan-, Hitt. u̯ātar, u̯etenas, Gk. ὕδωρ, Lat. unda, 'wave', Goth. wato, OSax. watar, OIc. vatn).
  • Derksen, Rick: 488
    S.v. Lith. vanduõ (Latv. ûdens, OPr. wundan), from PIE *uod-r/n- (cf. OCS voda, Skt. udán-, Hitt. u̯ātar / u̯iten-, Gk. ὕδωρ, Go. wato, OIc. vatn, OS watar).
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 1185-1186
    S.v. OLith. vanduõ, vánduõ 'Wasser' (BSl. Latv. ûdèns 'Wasser'. OPr. wundan, wunda, unds 'Wasser'), derived from PIE *u̯ed- 'benetzen' (cf. Ved. 3.sg.pres. unátti, 3.pl.pres. undánti, 3.pl.pf. ūdur 'quellen, benetzen'). Cf. notes in ALEW for the unusual nominal stem found in Old Prussian.
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 987-988
    S.v. Hitt. u̯ātar / u̯itēn- 'water', from PIE *uód-r, ud-én- (cf. Skt. udán-, Gk. ὕδωρ, Umbr. utur, OCS voda, Goth. wato, ON vatn, OSax. watar, OHG wazzar 'water').
  • Kroonen, Guus: 575-576
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *watar- ~ *watan- 'water', from PIE *uod-r/n-.
  • Matasović, Ranko: 394
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *uden-sk-yo- 'water', from PIE *wod-r / *uden- 'water' (cf. Skt. udán-, Hitt. watar-, Gk. ὕδωρ, Umbr. utur, Lat. unda 'wave', OCS voda, Germ. Wasser). Matasović gives this as the standard etymology, although he expresses reservations that the Proto-Celtic stem formation is correct. See entry for further discussion.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:215-216
    Cf. s.v. Ved. udán- 'Wasser', from PIIr. *ud-r-/*ud-n-, derived to PIE *u̯ed- (cf. YAv. vaiδi- 'Wasserlauf', Gk. ὕδωρ, Umbr. utur, OS watar, ON vatn, OCS voda 'Wasser', etc.).
  • Orel, Vladimir: 482-483
    S.v. Alb. ujë 'water', from PAlb. udrjā and derived from the IE word for water *u̯ed-. The connection to *u̯ed- is generally agreed since Meyer (1891:456) [cf. entry in Orel for references to further literature], but note Demiraj (1997:401-402) alternatively derives PAlb. *urjā, related to Skt. vā́r- [< *u̯eh₁-r].
  • Untermann, Jürgen: 815-816
    S.v. U. utur 'Wasser', the inherited word for water < PIE *u̯edōr (cf. Gk. ὕδωρ, ὕδατος, Hitt. u̯atar, u̯etenaš, etc.).
  • Vendryes, Joseph and Bachellery, Edouard and Lambert, Pierre-Yves: U:21
    S.v. OIr. uisce 'eau', evidently derived to the root which designated in Indo-European a liquid element *wed-/*ud- (cf. Skt. udán-, Gk. ὕδωρ, Umbr. utur, Hitt. watar, Goth. wato, OCS voda). Cf. for various proposals for explaining the Celtic stem formation.
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 706-715
    S.v. *u̯ed- 'quellen' (LIV² 658f., IEW 78f.). Originally a heteroclite r/n-stem *u̯ód-r̥-/*u̯ed-en-.