Cognate Set 335 – Meaning: water

IE-CoR reference form:
*u̯ed-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Anatolian, Tocharian, Hellenic, Albanian, Indic, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes derived from PIE *u̯ód-r̥-, *u̯ed-en- 'water', a heteroclite r/n-stem derived to PIE *u̯ed- 'to well up, stream' (NIL 706-715, cf. Kloekhorst 2008:987-988, Adams 2013:627-628, Beekes 2010:5126-1527, Demiraj 1997:401-402, Orel 1998:482-483, EWAia I:215-216, ALEW 1185-1186, Derksen 2015:488, Derksen 2008:523, Kroonen 2013:575-576, Untermann 2000:815-816, Vendryes et al. 1959–1996 U:21, Matasović 2009:394).
Found in clades:
Albanian, Anatolian, Balto-Slavic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indo-Iranic, Italic, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 9 clades by 67 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
16   Albanian: Gheg ujë From PAlb *udrjā < IE *ued- 'water'.
77   Bulgarian voda вода vuˈdɑ̈ voˈda
96   Belarusian vada вада vɑ̈ˈdɑ̈ voˈda
91   Czech voda ˈvɔdɑ̈ ˈvoda
108   Danish vand ˈvanˀ
114   Dutch water ˈwatər
110   English water ˈwɔːtə
102   Faroese vatn vaʰtn̥
115   Flemish water
112   Frisian wetter ˈvɛtər
120   German Wasser ˈvasɐ ˈvasəʁ
101   Icelandic vatn vaʰtn̥ Also 'lake'.
160   Gaelic: Irish uisce ˈɪʃcə ˈØˠəsʲkʲə
74   Lithuanian vanduõ ʋɐnˈdʊoː vanˈdʊoː
93   Sorbian: Lower woda ˈwɛdɑ̈, ˈwɘ̟dɑ̈ ˈwoda
92   Sorbian: Upper woda ˈwɔdɑ̈ ˈwɔda
78   Macedonian voda вода ˈvo̞dɑ̈ ˈvoda
86   Polish woda ˈvɔdɑ̈ ˈvoda
103   Norwegian: Bokmål vann ʋɑnː ʋɑnː
95   Russian voda вода vɐˈdɑ̈ voˈda
81   Serbo-Croat voda ˈvɔ̌dɑ̈ ˈvǒda
89   Slovak voda ˈvɔdɑ̈ ˈvoda
83   Slovene voda ˈvɔ̀ːdɑ̈ ˈvɔ̀ːda
107   Swedish vatten ˈvatːən
97   Ukrainian voda вода βɔˈdɑ̈ voˈda
158   Gaelic: Scottish uisge ɯʃɡʲə also 'rain' lexeme 24007
72   Latvian ūdens ˈuːdɛns uːdɛns
119   Luxembourgish Waasser ˈvaːsɐ ˈvaːsɐ
1   Hittite u̯ātar / u̯itēn- u̯a-a-tar / ú-u̯i₅-te-na-aš Cf. EDHIL 987-988 s.v. u̯ātar / u̯itēn- 'water¨ for a survey of attested forms and further discussion.
76   Old Church Slavonic voda вода ʋɔdɑ voda
75   Old Prussian unds m., EV wundan n.
157   Old Irish uisce ˈʊsʲkʲɛ ˈusʲkʲe
3   Tocharian A wär wɨr wr Ultimately cognate with PIE *u̯ód-r̥, but details unclear.
4   Tocharian B war wər wərə Ultimately cognate with PIE *u̯ód-r̥, but details unclear.
17   Albanian: Standard ujë
159   Gaelic: Manx ushtey ˈuʃtʲə ˈuʃtʲə uisce
105   Elfdalian wattn wɑ́tːn̩ wɑ́tːn̩
106   Old Swedish vatn vatn vatn
20   Pali udaka ʊdɐkɐ udaka
5   Greek: Mycenaean u-do 𐀄𐀈 hudo̞ːr hudo̞ːr Noun masc. N.sg. in KN K 873.1. Most likely to be *ὕδωρ 'water' (Attic ὕδωρ).
7   Greek: New Testament hýdōr ὕδωρ ˈydo̞r ˈydo̞r > 30 attestations in the NT.
146   Umbrian utur Native script: utur (acc.sg., IIb 15), une (abl.sg., IIb 20). Neuter -r-/-n-stem.
88   Polabian vådă ˈvɒdɜ ˈvɒdɜ
87   Kashubian wòda ˈwɛdɑ̈ voda
6   Greek: Ancient hýdōr ὕδωρ hýdo̞ːr hýdo̞ːr G.sg. ὕδατος
73   Latgalian iudiņs ˈiudʲinʲtsʲ iudʲinʲsʲ
33   Palula wíi وی ʋiː wíi
85   Old Polish woda ˈvɔda̠ ˈvoda
90   Old Czech voda ˈβɔdɑ̈ ˈvoda
94   Old Novgorod voda вода ʋɔˈdɑ vɔˈda
98   Rusyn vodá (v/β)ɔˈdɑ̈ voˈda
79   Macedonian: Suho vòda ˈvo̞dɐ ˈvoda
80   Macedonian: Visoka òda ˈo̞dɐ ˈoda
84   Slovene: Kostel voda ˈʋɔːdɑ̈ ˈvɔːda
82   Slovene: Early Modern voda
121   German: Bernese Wasser ʋ̥assər ʋ̥assər
18   Albanian: Arbëresh ujët ˈujət
37   Pashai: North-West worgə وورګه ˈʋoˑɾɡə woːrɡə
117   Old High German wazzar ˈwas̻s̻ar ˈwas̻s̻ar
111   Old Frisian weter ˈweter ˈweter
118   Middle High German wazzer ˈwas̻s̻ər ˈwas̻s̻ər
109   Old English wæter ˈwæter ˈwæter
116   Old Saxon uuatar ˈwatar ˈwatar
113   Middle Dutch water ˈwaːtər ˈwaːtər
100   Old Icelandic vatn watn watn
99   Gothic wato 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 ˈwatoː ˈwatoː
104   Norwegian: Nynorsk vatn ʋɑtn ʋɑtn
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 627-628
    S.v. TochB war 'water', which with TochA wär reflect Proto-Tocharian *wärä, probably a regular reflex of PIE *udrom, a regular thematisation of *wodr-/udn-.
  • Beekes, Robert: 1526-1527
    S.v. ὕδωρ, -ατος 'water', from PIE *u̯od-r̥, *ud-n-, coll. udōr 'water'.
  • Demiraj, Bardhyl: 401-402
    S.v. Alb. új/ë 'Wasser', D. alternatively derives Albanian forms from PIE *(H)uh₁r̥-i̯o/e-, cf. Skt. vā́r < *(H)u̯(e)h₁-r-.
  • Derksen, Rick: 523
    Cf. s.v. Proto-Slavic *voda 'water' from PIE *uod-r/n- 'water' (cf. Skt. udan-, Hitt. u̯ātar, u̯etenas, Gk. ὕδωρ, Lat. unda, 'wave', Goth. wato, OSax. watar, OIc. vatn).
  • Derksen, Rick: 488
    S.v. Lith. vanduõ (Latv. ûdens, OPr. wundan), from PIE *uod-r/n- (cf. OCS voda, Skt. udán-, Hitt. u̯ātar / u̯iten-, Gk. ὕδωρ, Go. wato, OIc. vatn, OS watar).
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 1185-1186
    S.v. OLith. vanduõ, vánduõ 'Wasser' (BSl. Latv. ûdèns 'Wasser'. OPr. wundan, wunda, unds 'Wasser'), derived from PIE *u̯ed- 'benetzen' (cf. Ved. 3.sg.pres. unátti, 3.pl.pres. undánti, 3.pl.pf. ūdur 'quellen, benetzen'). Cf. notes in ALEW for the unusual nominal stem found in Old Prussian.
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 987-988
    S.v. Hitt. u̯ātar / u̯itēn- 'water', from PIE *uód-r, ud-én- (cf. Skt. udán-, Gk. ὕδωρ, Umbr. utur, OCS voda, Goth. wato, ON vatn, OSax. watar, OHG wazzar 'water').
  • Kroonen, Guus: 575-576
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *watar- ~ *watan- 'water', from PIE *uod-r/n-.
  • Matasović, Ranko: 394
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *uden-sk-yo- 'water', from PIE *wod-r / *uden- 'water' (cf. Skt. udán-, Hitt. watar-, Gk. ὕδωρ, Umbr. utur, Lat. unda 'wave', OCS voda, Germ. Wasser). Matasović gives this as the standard etymology, although he expresses reservations that the Proto-Celtic stem formation is correct. See entry for further discussion.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:215-216
    Cf. s.v. Ved. udán- 'Wasser', from PIIr. *ud-r-/*ud-n-, derived to PIE *u̯ed- (cf. YAv. vaiδi- 'Wasserlauf', Gk. ὕδωρ, Umbr. utur, OS watar, ON vatn, OCS voda 'Wasser', etc.).
  • Orel, Vladimir: 482-483
    S.v. Alb. ujë 'water', from PAlb. udrjā and derived from the IE word for water *u̯ed-. The connection to *u̯ed- is generally agreed since Meyer (1891:456) [cf. entry in Orel for references to further literature], but note Demiraj (1997:401-402) alternatively derives PAlb. *urjā, related to Skt. vā́r- [< *u̯eh₁-r].
  • Untermann, Jürgen: 815-816
    S.v. U. utur 'Wasser', the inherited word for water < PIE *u̯edōr (cf. Gk. ὕδωρ, ὕδατος, Hitt. u̯atar, u̯etenaš, etc.).
  • Vendryes, Joseph and Bachellery, Edouard and Lambert, Pierre-Yves: U:21
    S.v. OIr. uisce 'eau', evidently derived to the root which designated in Indo-European a liquid element *wed-/*ud- (cf. Skt. udán-, Gk. ὕδωρ, Umbr. utur, Hitt. watar, Goth. wato, OCS voda). Cf. for various proposals for explaining the Celtic stem formation.
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 706-715
    S.v. *u̯ed- 'quellen' (LIV² 658f., IEW 78f.). Originally a heteroclite r/n-stem *u̯ód-r̥-/*u̯ed-en-.