Cognate Set 350 – Meaning: year

IE-CoR reference form:
*i̯eh₁-r/n-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Iranic and Germanic lexemes from a PIE heteroclite stem *i̯eh₁-r/n- (EWAia II:98-99, ESIJa 4:130-131, Kroonen 2013:273).
Found in clades:
Germanic, Iranic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 2 clades by 24 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
110   Danish år ˈɒˀ
116   Dutch jaar jar
112   English year jɪə
104   Faroese ár ɔaːɹ
117   Flemish jaer
114   Frisian jier i.ər
122   German Jahr ˈjaːɐ ˈjaːʁ
103   Icelandic ár auːr
105   Norwegian: Bokmål år oːɾ oːr
109   Swedish år oːr
121   Luxembourgish Joer ˈʒoːɐ ˈʒoːɐ
46   Avestan: Younger yār 𐬪𐬁𐬭 i̯aːr more like calendar year
107   Elfdalian år ɔːr ɔːr
108   Old Swedish ar ɑːr ɑːr
123   German: Bernese Jahr jaːr jaːr
119   Old High German iār jaːr jaːr
113   Old Frisian iēr jɛːr jɛːr
120   Middle High German jâr jaːr jaːr
111   Old English ġēar jæːɑ̯r jæːɑ̯r
118   Old Saxon jâr jaːr jaːr
115   Middle Dutch jaer jaːr jaːr
102   Old Icelandic ár aːr aːr
101   Gothic jer 𐌾𐌴𐍂 jeːr jeːr
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk år oːχ oːʁ
References
  • Kroonen, Guus: 273
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *jēra-, from PIE *i̯éh₁-r̥, i̯éh₁-n̥-s. Generalised with an r-suffix in Germanic, Avestan (nom.sg. yārə, gen.sg. yā̊) has preserved the original heteroclitic inflection. Cf. also Gk. ὤρα 'season, year, hour, time' < *i̯oh₁-reh₂.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:98-99
    Cf. s.v. Ved. paryāríṇi- 'nach einem Jahr erst kalbend(e Kuh)' based on *pari-yārám 'a year long' < pári and *yār 'year' (=Av. yār- 'year', OHG jār, etc.).
  • Rastorgueva, V. S. and Edelman, D. I.: 4:130-131
    S.v. Proto-Iranic *i̯ār(a)- 'год; период, времени', derived from PIE *i̯ēro- : i̯oro- ~ i̯əro-, cf. OHG jār, NHG Jahr, Engl. year, Gk. ὤρα, etc.