Cognate Set 4968 – Meaning: bite

IE-CoR reference form:
*Hd-ónt-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Proposed as cognate to:
*h₁ed- [Proto-Indo-European] scale: 3
Justification:
Celtic lexemes derived from or in light-verb constructions with PIE *Hd-ónt- 'tooth'. The root etymology is traditionally considered to be to PIE *h₁ed- *'to bite' → 'to eat', however difficulties regarding the Greek comparanda (ὀδών 'tooth', νωδός 'toothless') have led the Leiden school of Indo-European reconstruction to consider an underlying root *h₃ed- 'to bite, sting' (cf. Kortlandt 2003:77). If the traditional etymology is followed, then these lexemes would also be cognate with Old Irish ithid 'to bite, to eat' in cognate set 6370 which is clearly derived from PIE *h₁ed- 'to eat'. For the lexemes in this class, cf. EWAia I:693-694, Turner 1962–1966:352 no. 6152, Deshayes 2003:170, Matasović 2009:90). For further details regarding the etymology of PIE *Hd-ónt- 'tooth', cf. further discussion in cognate set 328. Late parallel derivations in Indo-Iranic: Gawarbati and Raji: Barzoki.
Found in clades:
Celtic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 4 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
155   Middle Breton dantaff ˈdantaṽ
156   Breton: Gwened dantein, dant- dɑ̃ːtɛ̃ɲ, dɑ̃ːt-
157   Breton: Treger dantã, dant- ˈdãntã, ˈdãnt- ˈdãntã, ˈdãnt- dantañ, lit. 'tooth'
153   Late Cornish dendzall ˈdendʒəl
References
  • Deshayes, Albert: 170
    S.v. Bret. dant 'dent' corresponding to Co. dans, W dant. Denominal verbal formation dantañ (dantaff, 1499) 'denter, cranter, mordre'.
  • Irslinger, Britta:
    Denominal verb based on the lexeme for 'tooth'. Parallel formations possible. CHECK
  • Matasović, Ranko: 90
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *danto- 'tooth', from PIE *h₁dont- 'tooth' (cf. Lat. dēns, Skt. dánt-, Gk. ὀδών, Lith. dantìs, OHG zand). The reconstruction of the initial laryngeal is uncertain. Some prefer to see an original participle of the verb 'to eat' *h₁ed-, but others reconstruct *h₃- from which Gk. ὀδών is derived more straightforwardly.
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    Indo-Iranic and Celtic lexemes derived from or in light-verb constructions with PIE *Hd-ónt- 'tooth'. The root etymology is traditionally considered to be to PIE *h₁ed- *'to bite' → 'to eat', however difficulties regarding the Greek comparanda (ὀδών 'tooth', νωδός 'toothless') have led the Leiden school of Indo-European reconstruction to consider an underlying root *h₃ed- 'to bite, sting' (cf. [Kortlandt 2003](src-549):77). If the traditional etymology is followed, then these lexemes would also be cognate with Old Irish ithid 'to bite, to eat' in [cognate set 6370](cog-6370) which is clearly derived from PIE *h₁ed- 'to eat'. For the lexemes in this class, cf. [EWAia](src-172) I:693-694, [Turner 1962–1966](src-442):352 no. 6152, [Deshayes 2003](src-309):170, [Matasović 2009](src-50):90). For further details regarding the etymology of PIE *Hd-ónt- 'tooth', cf. further discussion in [cognate set 328](cog-328).