Cognate Set 502 – Meaning: tooth

IE-CoR reference form:
*g̑ombʰ-o-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Tocharian, Albanian, and Balto-Slavic lexemes from PIE *g̑ombʰ-o- 'peg; tooth' (Hilmarsson 1996:126-127, Adams 2013:208, Demiraj 1997:158, Orel 1998:82, ALEW 1289, Derksen 2008:549, Derksen 2015:512).
Found in clades:
Albanian, Baltic, Slavic, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 4 clades by 29 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
18   Albanian: Gheg dhâmb From PAlb *dzamba, a dialectal IE word for tooth shared with TochA, TochB, Latv, Slav, etc. Original meaning is preserved in Gk γομφος and Skt jámbha- 'peg'.
79   Bulgarian z″b зъб zɤp zɤb
98   Belarusian zub зуб zup zub
93   Czech zub zup zub
95   Sorbian: Lower zub zup zub
94   Sorbian: Upper zub zup zub
80   Macedonian zab заб zɑ̈p zab
88   Polish ząb zɔmp zomb
97   Russian zub зуб zup zub
83   Serbo-Croat zub zûːb zûːb
91   Slovak zub zup zub
85   Slovene zob zóːp zóːb
99   Ukrainian zub зуб zub zub
78   Old Church Slavonic zǫbŭ зѫбъ zɔ̃bʊ̆ zõbʊ
74   Latvian zobs zuɔps zuɔps
3   Tocharian A kam kəm kəm
4   Tocharian B keme keme keme
19   Albanian: Standard dhëmb Variant = dhamb.
90   Polabian zǫb zumb zumb
89   Kashubian ząb zup zub
75   Latgalian zūbs zuːps zuːbs
87   Old Polish ząb zɒ̃ːb/p zãːb
92   Old Czech zub zub zub
96   Old Novgorod zubŭ зубъ zub zub
81   Macedonian: Suho zъ̀mp zəmp zəmb
82   Macedonian: Visoka zъ̀mp zəmp zəmb
86   Slovene: Kostel zob zo̞ːp zoːb
84   Slovene: Early Modern ẛob
20   Albanian: Arbëresh dhamb ˈðamb
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 208
    S.v. TochB keme 'tooth; dentition', which with TochA kam reflects PToch *keme from PIE *g̑ómbʰos 'tooth' (cf. Skt. jámbha- 'tooth', jambhya- 'molar tooth', Gk. γόμφος 'tooth; bolt, dowel', γομφίος 'molar tooth', Alb. dhëmb 'tooth', dhëmballë 'molar tooth', OCS zǫbъ 'tooth', Latv. zùobs 'tooth', Lith. žam̃bas 'edge, brim', OHG kamm 'comb', etc.).
  • Boryś, W.: 733
    PS *zǫbŭ is derived from PIE *g̑ombʰ-o-.
  • Demiraj, Bardhyl: 158
    S.v. Alb. dhëmb 'Zahn', the inherited word for 'tooth' which is identical with Ved. jámbha-, OCS zǫbъ, Gk. γόμφος, etc., from PIE *g̑ombʰ-o-s.
  • Derksen, Rick: 549
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *zǫ̑bъ 'tooth', from PIE *g̑ombʰ-o- (cf. Lith. žam̃bas 'sharp edge', Latv. zùobs 'tooth', Skt. jámbha- 'tooth', Gk. γόμφος 'pin, nail', OIc. kambr 'comb, jagged edge').
  • Derksen, Rick: 512
    Cf. s.v. Lith. žam̃bas '(sharp) edge, flap' (Latv. zùobs 'tooth'), from PIE *g̑ombʰ-o- (cf. Lith. žam̃bas 'sharp edge', Latv. zùobs 'tooth', Skt. jámbha- 'tooth', Gk. γόμφος 'pin, nail', OIc. kambr 'comb, jagged edge').
  • Hilmarsson, Jörundur: 126-127
    S.v. B keme*, A kam 'tooth', thematic nouns from CT *kæmæ < *kæmbʰæ from IE *g̑ombʰo-s 'tooth', cf. Gk. γόμφος 'id.', Skt. jámbha- 'id.'.
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 1289
    Cf. s.v. OLith. žam̃bas 'Ecke, Rand, Saum' (BSl. Latv. zùobs 'Zahn, Sägezahn, Schlüsselbart', OCS zǫbъ 'Zahn', etc.), from PIE *g̑ombʰ-o- 'Beißen' (cf. Ved. jámbha- 'Gezähn', du. 'beide Zahnreihen', pl. 'Zähne', Gk. γόμφος 'Verbindungsstück: Pflock, Dübel, Zapfen', γομφίος 'Backenzahn', Alb. dhëmb 'Zahn', ON kambr 'Kamm', OHG camb 'id., TochA kam 'Zahn', TochB keme 'id.').
  • Orel, Vladimir: 82
    S.v. Alb. dhëmb ~ dhamb 'tooth' from PAlb. dzamba and cognate with TochA kam 'tooth', TochB keme 'id.', Latv. zùobs 'id.', Slav. *zǫbъ 'id.', cf. also Gk. γόμφος 'peg', Skt. jámbha- 'bit, peg'.