Cognate Set 6332 – Meaning: green

IE-CoR reference form:
*g̑ʰelh₃-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Hellenic, Indo-Iranic, Balto-Slavic, and Celtic lexemes derived from PIE *g̑ʰelh₃- 'green, yellow' (Beekes 2010:1638, EWAia II:805-806, ALEW 1285-1286, 1296, Derksen 2015:511-512, Derksen 2008:541, Matasović 2009:160).
Found in clades:
Baltic, Celtic, Hellenic, Indic, Iranic, Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 6 clades by 51 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
79   Bulgarian zelen зелен zɘˈlɛn zeˈlen
98   Belarusian zâlëny зялёны zʲaˈlʲɔnɨ zʲelʲoni
93   Czech zelený ˈzɛlɛniː ˈzeleniː
29   Hindi harā हरा ɦəɾɑ ɦəɾɑ
161   Gaelic: Irish glas ˈɡˠlˠasˠ ˈɡˠlˠas
76   Lithuanian žãlias ˈʒɑːlʲɛs ˈʒaːlʲas
95   Sorbian: Lower zeleny ˈzɛlʲɛnɘ̟ ˈzelenɘ̟
94   Sorbian: Upper zeleny ˈzɛlɛnɘ̟ ˈzɛlɛnɘ̟
80   Macedonian zelen зелен ˈze̞lɛn ˈzelen
33   Marathi hiravaṁ हिरवं ɦirəʋ
31   Nepali hariyo हरियो ɦarijo
88   Polish zielony ʑɛˈlɔnɘ̟ ʑeˈlonɨ
97   Russian zelënyj зелёный zʲɪˈlʲɔnɘj zʲeˈlʲonij
83   Serbo-Croat zelen ˈzɛ̌ɫɛn ˈzělen
85   Slovene zelen zɛˈlɛ́n zɛˈlɛn
99   Ukrainian zelenij зелений zɛ̽ˈɫɛnɪ̽j zeˈlenɪj
74   Latvian zaļš zɑʎʃ zɑʎʃ
78   Old Church Slavonic zelenŭ зєлєнъ zɛlɛnʊ̆ zelenʊ
77   Old Prussian saligan n., EV
21   Vedic: Early hári- हरि- ˈɦɐɾi- hári- also 'yellow, golden'
26   Maithili hariar हरिअर hərɪjər
30   Urdu harā ہرا həɾɑ
6   Greek: Ancient chlōrós χλωρός kʰlo̞ːró̞s kʰlo̞ːró̞s G.sg. χλωροῦ; χλωρός, χλωρά, χλωρόν
158   Old Irish glas ˈɡˠlˠasˠ ˈɡlas
148   Gaulish glastum The Gaulish word is reported by the Roman author Pliny.
160   Gaelic: Manx glass ɡlas ɡlas glas
27   Magahi hariar हरिअर həriər
91   Slovak zelený ˈzɛlɛniː ˈzeleniː
155   Middle Breton glas ˈɡlaːs
7   Greek: New Testament chlōrós χλωρός kʰlo̞ˈro̞s kʰlo̞ˈro̞s Four attestations: Mk 6:39, Rev 6:8, Rev 8:7, Rev 9:4.
89   Kashubian zelony zɛˈlɔnɘ̟ zeˈloni
55   Parthian zarγōnag zrgwng zaɾɣoːnaɡ zarɣoːnaɡ
12   Greek: Italiot chlōró χλωρό xlo̞ˈro̞ xlo̞ˈro̞ It.
75   Latgalian zaļš zalʲʃ zalʲʃ
28   Bhojpuri harihar हरिहर hərɪhəɾ
156   Breton: Gwened glas ɡläs
157   Breton: Treger glas ˈɡlaːs ˈɡlaːz 'glas' natural green; 'gwer' other green, less frequent
87   Old Polish zielony ˈʑɛlʲɔnɨː ˈʑelʲoniː
92   Old Czech zelený ˈzɛlɛnɨː ˈzeljeniː
96   Old Novgorod zelenyi зеленыи zɛˈlʲɛnʲɛjɪ̆ zɛˈlʲɛnʲɛjɪ
100   Rusyn zelénωj z(ɛ/ɜ)ˈlɛnɤ̟j zeˈlenɯj
81   Macedonian: Suho zil′èn zʲiˈlʲe̞n zeˈlen
82   Macedonian: Visoka zil′èn zʲiˈlʲe̞n ziˈlen
22   Pali harita ɦɐɾɪtɐ ɦarita
86   Slovene: Kostel zelen ˈzɛːlɛn ˈzɛːlɛn
84   Slovene: Early Modern ṡelen
48   Sogdian zarγōnē zrγwny zarɣoːneː reconstructed from M zrγwny
46   Avestan: Younger zairi.gaona 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌.𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀 zariɡau̯na compound with gaona- 'colour'; said of plants, so 'green' as well as 'yellow'
49   Khotanese gvāysirūna ɡwɐzɪɾuːnɐ ɡu̯aːziruːna compound: gvā- yellow/green, ysirūna-/ysarūna- yellow, red; cf. ysūna- yellow, green, white; the first part is identified as "colour" ggūna- by Emmerick/Skjærvø 1987: 39.
32   Punjabi harā ਹਰਾ
152   Middle Cornish glas ɡlaːz
References
  • Beekes, Robert: 1638
    S.v. χλωρός '(pale) green' < PIE *g̑ʰl̥h₃-ró-. The same root *g̑ʰelh₃- 'green, yellow' occurs in Baltic, Slavic, and Latin, but with different derivations (e.g. Lith. žélti 'to green, sprout', OCS зєлєнъ (translating Greek χλωρός, πράσινος), Lat. holus 'green plants, vegetables, cabbage').
  • Derksen, Rick: 541
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *zelenъ, based on a full-grade formation from PIE *g̑ʰelh₃-, cf. *žьltъ adj. 'yellow' [cognate set 7535](cog-7535) based on a zero-grade fromation *g̑ʰl̥h₃-.
  • Derksen, Rick: 511-512
    S.v. Lith. žãlias 'green', from PIE *g̑ʰelh₃-i- (cf. Skt. hári- 'fallow, yellowish, greenish').
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 1285-1286, 1296
    Cf. s.v. Lith. -žala, atžalà 'junger Zweig, Spross, Schössling' with derivatives žalė́tis 'grün werden' and žãlinti 'grün machen', o-grade formations to Lith. žélti 'grünen, sprießen', derived from PIE *g̑ʰelh₃- 'hellgrün' (cf. Ved. hári- 'fahl, gelblich, grünlich', YAv. zairi-, zāiri- (adj.) 'gelb', Gk. χλωρός 'hellgrün, blassgrün, grüngelb, gelblich, blass; frisch, lebendig', Lat. holus, -eris 'Grünzeug, Gemüse').
  • Matasović, Ranko: 160
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *glasto- 'green, blue'. "In principle these forms could represent PIE *g̑lh₃-stó- > *glāsto- > *glasto- (by Dybo's shortening). The PIE root would have been *g̑ʰelh₃- 'yellow, green' ([IEW](src-49) 429ff.), as in *gel(w)o-. Cf. also MHG glasta 'shine', which may reflect a prehistoric borrowing from Celtic (if it is related at all)."
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:805-806
    S.v. Ved. hári- 'fahl, gelblich, grünlich' < PIE *g̑ʰelh₃-i- (cf. Gk. χλωρός 'pale green, green-yellow', OHG gelo 'yellow', Lith. žélti 'to flourish, turn green').