Cognate Set 6948 – Meaning: run

IE-CoR reference form:
*hlaupan-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Germanic
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Connections outside of Germanic uncertain. Generally compared with Baltic material via Lith. klaũpti 'kneel down', etc. (cf. LIV² 364, Kroonen 2013:229, 232), but the connection is uncertain on semantic grounds (cf. ALEW 502-503}). For older hypotheses, cf. Seebold 1970:259-260, Lehmann 1986:382-383.
Found in clades:
Germanic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 11 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
103   Icelandic hlaupa
105   Norwegian: Bokmål løpe ˈlø̀ːpə ˈlø̀ːpɛ
108   Old Swedish löpa ˈløːpa løːpa
110   Danish løbe ˈløːbə
117   Flemish lopen
119   Old High German loufan ˈlou̯fan ˈlou̯fan
120   Middle High German loufen ˈlou̯fən ˈlou̯fən
115   Middle Dutch lopen ˈloːpən ˈloːpən
118   Old Saxon hlôpan ˈl̥ɔːpan ˈhlɔːpan
122   German laufen ˈlaʊfn̩ ˈlaʊfən
121   Luxembourgish lafen ˈlaːfən ˈlaːfən
References
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 502-503
    Cf. s.v. OLith. klaũpti 'hinknien, niederknien', where the connection to the Gmc. forms given in [LIV²](src-141) 364 s.v. *kleu̯b- are rejected on semantic grounds.
  • Kroonen, Guus: 229, 232
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *hlaupan- 'to jump, leap', a strong verb back-formed to iterative *hluppōn- 'to run' < *klup-néh₂- (cf. Latv. klupinât 'keep stumbling' < *klup-neh₂-).
  • Lehmann, Winfred P.: 382-383
    Cf. s.v. Goth. U55. *us-hlaupan 'ἀνίστημι', 'leap up'. Etymology unknown.
  • Rix, Helmut: 364
    S.v. *kleu̯b- 'stolpern, hüpfen' [IEW 630]; cf. n1 *kleu̯p- with 'hardening' (Verhärtung) in certain contexts, partially paradigmatically generalised.
  • Seebold, Elmar: 259-260
    Cf. s.v. Gmc. *hlaup-a- 'laufen', no immediately useful comparanda. Perhaps the base can be found in Lith. keliáuti 'wandern, reisen', Gk. κέλευθος 'Weg, Pfad, Bahn, Reise'.