Cognate Set 700 – Meaning: feather

IE-CoR reference form:
*(s)per-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Tocharian, Indo-Iranic, and Slavic lexemes derived from PIE *(s)per- 'to fly' (Adams 2013:383, EWAia II:97, Derksen 2008:396, Vasmer 1953-1958 II:343, cf. LIV² 579-580).
Found in clades:
Indic, Iranic, Slavic, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 4 clades by 46 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
79   Bulgarian pero перо pɘˈɾɔ peˈro
98   Belarusian pâro пяро pʲɑ̈ˈɾɔ pʲoˈro
93   Czech péro ˈpɛːɾɔ ˈpeːro
95   Sorbian: Lower pjero ˈpĕɛɾɔ ˈpjero
94   Sorbian: Upper pjero ˈpĕɛʁɔ ˈpjɛʀɔ
80   Macedonian pero перо ˈpe̞ɾɔ ˈpero
67   Persian: Tehran par پر pær pær
88   Polish pióro ˈpʲjuɾɔ ˈpjuro
97   Russian pero перо pʲɪˈɾɔ pʲeˈro
83   Serbo-Croat pero ˈpɛ̌ɾɔ ˈpěro
91   Slovak pero ˈpɛɾɔ ˈpero
85   Slovene pero pɛˈɾóː pɛˈróː
99   Ukrainian pero перо pɛ̽ˈɾɔ peˈro
30   Urdu par پر pəɾ
21   Vedic: Early parṇám पर्णम् pɐɾˈɳɐm parnám 'feather, wing, leaf'
4   Tocharian B paruwa pəˈruwa paˈrəwa Plurale tantum.
78   Old Church Slavonic pero пєро pɛrɔ pero Not attested in the Canon (but there is a derivative 'перьнатъ').
46   Avestan: Younger parəna 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 parna
22   Pali paṇṇa pɐɳɳɐ paɳɳa also "a leaf for writing upon, written leaf, letter; donation, bequest"
25   Bengali pālak পালক palok
49   Khotanese pārrä pɑːrə paːrə "feather, winɡ; leaf, petal"
90   Polabian perü pɛˈry pɛˈry
89   Kashubian pióro ˈpʲjurɔ ˈpjuro
66   Middle Persian parr pr parr parr
87   Old Polish pióro ˈpʲoːrɔ ˈpʲoːro
71   Kumzari par pɐɻ pɐɻ
92   Old Czech péro ˈpɛ̝ːrɔ ˈpeːro
100   Rusyn peró pɛˈrɔ peˈro
81   Macedonian: Suho p′èru ˈpʲe̞ɾu ˈpero
82   Macedonian: Visoka p′èru ˈpʲe̞ɾu ˈpero
86   Slovene: Kostel pero ˈpɛɾuː ˈpɛruː
84   Slovene: Early Modern perú
68   Bakhtiari par paɾ par
62   Tati par pær
48   Sogdian parn prn paɾn parn reconstructed from S prn
63   Mazanderani par pær
69   Delvari pær pær
70   Lari pal pal
57   Kurdish C.: Jafi par pær
60   Hawrami pař pærr
58   Kurdish S.: Elami paṛ parˁ
61   Raji: Barzoki par paɾ paɾ
47   Khwarazmian pan pn pan
52   Sarikoli peend pɵnd
39   Pashai: North-West par پر paɾ par
59   Kurdish S.: Qorveh paṛ pæɽ
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 383
    S.v. TochB parwa 'feathers', which reflects Proto-Tocharian *pärwā, as though from PIE *p(e)rweh₂ (nt.pl.). The best potential cognate is OCS pero 'feather' as though from PIE *peróm (nt.), both derivatives of the PIE root *per- 'move (tr./intr.); fly (intr.) (cf. OCS perǫ 'fly', Skt. pipárti 'brings', Gk. περάω 'pierce', Lat. portō 'bring', Goth. faran 'travel', etc.).
  • Derksen, Rick: 396
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *pero 'feather', from PIE *perH-o- (cf. Skt. parṇá- 'wing', Gk. πτερόν 'feather, wing', OE fearn 'fern', OIr. raith 'fern'). The reconstruction of a laryngeal is based on Lith. papártis 'fern'. [Corrigendum to Derksen: The Greek comparandum πτερόν listed does not belong here, but rather belongs to *pet-, not *(s)per-, cf. [cognate set 7563](cog-7563) (MJCS).]
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:97
    S.v. Ved. parṇá- 'Flügel, Feder, Pfeilfeder, Blatt' (IIr. cf. YAv. parəna- 'Feder', Khot. pārra- 'Flügel', MPers., NPers. parr 'Feder', etc.), probably from PIE *(s)por-no- (cf. OHG farn 'Farn', Lith. spar̃nas 'Flügel, Schaufel, Blatt').
  • Rix, Helmut: 579-580
    Cf. s.v. 2. *(s)per- 'fliegen' [IEW 817, 850].
  • Vasmer, Max: II:343
    S.v. перо 'Feder', related to Lith. spar̃nas 'Flügel, Fittich', Latv. sparns 'id.', Ved. parṇám 'Flügel, Fittich', Av. parəna- 'Feder', OHG farn 'Farnkraut'. Less likely is the comparison with Gk. πτερόν 'Feder, Flügel', πέτομαι 'fliege', Ved. pátram 'Fittich, Flügel, Feder', etc.