Cognate Set 718 – Meaning: liver
- IE-CoR reference form:
- *(H)i̯ekʷ-r/n-
- IE-CoR reference language:
- Proto-Indo-European
- Ideophonic:
- no
- Parallel derivation:
- no
- Justification:
- Hellenic, Armenian, Indo-Iranic, Baltic, and Italic lexemes continuing PIE *i̯e/okʷ-r/n-, generally presumed to be the PIE inherited word for 'liver' (NIL 392-395, EIEC 356, cf. Beekes 2010:522, Martirosyan 2010:306-307, EWAia II:391, ALEW 413-414, de Vaan 2008:296).
- Found in clades:
- Armenian, Baltic, Hellenic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Nuristani
- Revised by:
- Matthew Scarborough
Found in 7 clades by 37 lexemes.
- References
- Beekes, Robert: 522
S.v. ἧπαρ 'liver' < PIE *(H)i̯ekʷ-r 'liver'.
- Derksen, Rick: 211
Cf. s.v. Lith. jẽknos (OLith., dial.) 'liver', from PIE *iekʷ-r/n- (cf. Skt. yákar- 'liver', Gk. ἧπαρ 'liver'). Other Baltic cognates include Latv. aknas (nom.pl.) 'liver', OPruss. lagno [iagno] 'liver'.
- Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 413-414
Cf. s.v. OLith. jẽknos 'Leber' (BSl. Latv. (tahm.) jȩknas 'Leber', Latv. aknis, Latv. (hll.) aknys 'id.', OPr. jagno 'Leber'), from PIE *Hi̯ekʷ-r/n-, *Hi̯okʷ-r/n- 'Leber' (cf. Ved. yákr̥t, G.sg. yaknás 'Leber', OAv. NA.sg. yākarə 'Leber', Gk. ἥπαρ, G.sg. ἥπατος 'Leber', Lat. iecur, iocur, G.sg. iecinis, iecinoris, iocineris, iocinoris 'Leber').
- Mallory, James P.: 356
Cf. s.v. LIVER: *i̯ekʷr̥(t) 'liver' "Presumably the most likely candidate for the PIE word for 'liver'", but not entirely certain in view of Hitt. lissi-, which might be a very old word for liver replaced everywhere else by *i̯ekʷr̥(t), or more likely an Anatolian innovation.
- Martirosyan, Hrach: 306-307
S.v. Arm. leard 'liver', usually connected with PIE *Hiekʷr(-t), *Hiekʷn-ós 'liver'. The initial l- is unexpected, but cf. luc 'yoke' < *i̯ugom. It has been suggested that leard may be connected or has been contaminated with Gk. λιπαρός 'oily, shiny with oil, anointed; fatty, greasy'. A minority view has compared Arm. leard with Hitt. lišši- 'liver'.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:391
S.v. Ved. yákar- (yakn-) 'Leber', from an IE heteroclite stem *Hi̯ekʷ-r-/*Hi̯ekʷ-n- (cf. Gk. ἧπαρ, ἥπατος, Lat. iecur, iocineris, 'Leber', etc.).
- Turner, Ralph Lilley: 601
S.v. 10394 Ved. yákr̥t- , gen. yaknás n. 'liver' RV. NB: Khowar ṣeɣún with initial ṣ- for expected ž- from contamination with ṣaṅgur 'entrails'.
- Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 392-395
S.v. *i̯e/okʷ-r/n- n. 'Leber' (IEW 504).
- de Vaan, Michiel: 296
S.v. Lat. iecur 'liver' (gen.sg. iocineris), from PIE *iekʷ-r/n- 'liver'.