Cognate Set 774 – Meaning: fire

IE-CoR reference form:
*h₁n̥gni-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Proposed as cognate to:
*Hengl- [Proto-Indo-European] scale: 2
Justification:
Indic, Balto-Slavic, and Italic lexemes, generally accepted as cognates, but a precise reconstruction of the original Indo-European proto-form remains difficult and controversial, cf. EWAia I:44-45 Turner 1962–1966:3 no. 55, ALEW 1145-1146, Derksen 2015:478, ESSJa 32:30-33, Derksen 2008:364, de Vaan 2008:297 for further discussion. Possibly further connected to *Hengl- in cognate set 6119, but the details remain uncertain.
Found in clades:
Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranic, Italic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 3 clades by 37 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
23   Bengali āgun আগুন aɡun
77   Bulgarian og″n огън ˈɔɡən ˈoɡɤn
96   Belarusian agon′ агонь ɑ̈ˈɣɔnʲ aˈɣonʲ
91   Czech oheň ˈ(ʔ)ɔɦɛɲ ˈoɦeɲ
27   Hindi āga आग ɑɡ ɑɡ
74   Lithuanian ugnìs ʊɡʲˈnʲɪs ʊɡʲˈnʲɪs
93   Sorbian: Lower wogeń ˈɔɡeɲ ˈoɡeɲ
92   Sorbian: Upper woheń ˈwɔjen ˈwɔjen
78   Macedonian ogan оган ˈo̞ɡɑ̈n ˈoɡan
31   Marathi āga आग aɡ
29   Nepali āgo आगो aɡo
86   Polish ogień ˈɔɡʲeɲ ˈoɟeɲ
95   Russian ogon' огонь ɐˈɡɔnʲ oˈɡonʲ
89   Slovak oheň ˈɔɦɛɲ ˈoɦeɲ
83   Slovene ogenj ˈɔ̀ːɡən ˈɔ̀ːɡənj
97   Ukrainian vogon′ вогонь βɔˈʕɔnʲ voˈɦonʲ
28   Urdu āg آگ ɑɡ ɑɡ
19   Vedic: Early agníḥ अग्निः ɐɡˈnih aɡnís god
76   Old Church Slavonic ognĭ огн҄ь ɔɡɲɪ̆ oɡɲɪ
122   Latin ignis ˈiŋnis ˈiɡnis gen. ignis
72   Latvian uguns ˈuɡuns uɡuns
24   Maithili āg आग ɑɡ
20   Pali aggi ɐɡɡɪ aɡɡi
25   Magahi āg आग ɑɡ
88   Polabian viďėn viˈɟen viˈɟen
87   Kashubian òdżin ˈwɛdʒin odʒin
73   Latgalian guņs ɡunʲts ɡunʲs
26   Bhojpuri āgi आगि ɑɡɪ
85   Old Polish ogień ˈɔɡʲɛɲ, ˈɔɡɛɲ ˈoɡeɲ
90   Old Czech oheň ˈɔɦɛɲ ˈoɣenj
94   Old Novgorod ogonĭ огонь ɔˈɡonʲ ɔˈɡonʲ Uncertain. It was attested in a mysterious manuscript containing a very short text (probably a spell or curse) which can be deciphered as 'fire of gehenna'.
98   Rusyn oɣẹ́n′ ɔˈɣʲe(nʲ/ɲ) oˈɣenʲ
79   Macedonian: Suho vògni ˈvo̞ɡnʲi ˈvoɡni
80   Macedonian: Visoka ògni ˈo̞ɡnʲi ˈoɡni
84   Slovene: Kostel ogenj ˈɔːɡe̝n ˈɔːɡe̝n
82   Slovene: Early Modern ogîn
30   Punjabi agg ਅੱਗ
References
  • Derksen, Rick: 364
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *ogņь 'fire' (ESSJa XXXII 30-33), from PIE *h₁ngʷ-ni- (cf. Lith. ungnìs, Latv. unguns, Skt. agní-, Lat. ignis).
  • Derksen, Rick: 478
    S.v. Lith. ugnìs 'fire' (Latv. uguns), from PIE *h₁ngʷ-ni- (cf. Skt. agní- 'fire; Agni', Lat. ignis 'fire', OCS ognь).
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 1145-1146
    S.v. OLith. ugnìs, ùgnis 'Feuer' (BSl. Latv. ugùns 'Feuer', OCS ognь, etc.), from PIE *h₁óngni- / *h₁n̥gnéi̯- 'Feuer' (cf. Ved. agní- 'Feuer', Lat. ignis 'Feuer'). The Indo-European lexeme is difficult to reconstruct, cf. entry in ALEW with discussion and references to further literature.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:44-45
    S.v. Ved. agní- 'Feuer; das vergöttlichte Feuer, Gott Agni', from Proto-Indo-Iranian *agni- (Ved. agní-, YAv. ºāγni- in Dāštāγni-), and certainly also cognate with Lat. ignis, Lith. ungìs, OCS ognь, all 'fire'. The precise reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European form is uncertain, however, since it is difficult reconcile the vocalism of the initial syllable in all varieties.
  • Trubačev, O. N.: 32: 30-33
    S.v. ognĭ.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley: 3
    S.v. 55 Ved. agní- (1) m. 'fire' RV.
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 297
    S.v. Lat. ignis 'fire', from PIE *h₁ngʷ-ni- 'fire' (cf. Skt. agní- 'fire', Lith. ugnìs, OCS ognjь, Skt. áṅgāra- 'coal', Sogd. ʾnkʾyr 'hearth', Arm. acowl 'coal', Lith. anglìs, Latv. ùogle, OCS ǫglь 'coal').