Cognate Set 8248 – Meaning: man

IE-CoR reference form:
*mannan-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Germanic
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Proposed as cognate to:
*men- [Proto-Indo-European] scale: 4
Justification:
The cognacy of these Germanic lexemes are difficult to assign. A majority view of scholars assign them with derivatives of one of the PIE *men- roots in cognate set 76, alternatively a minority view of scholars places it with other Germanic, Italic, and Celtic words for 'human' < *dʰg̑ʰ-mon- *'earthling' cognate set 907. The cognacy decision for these lexemes has therefore been to split these lexemes from the majority set into their own separate set, which has been appropriately indexed to the other existing sets. Cf. Kroonen 2013:353-354, Orel 2003:260, Lehmann 1986:244.
Found in clades:
Germanic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 19 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
108   Danish mand ˈmanˀ
114   Dutch man mɑn
110   English man mæn
102   Faroese maður ˈmɛaːvʊɹ Also means 'husband'. More basic term TKD.
115   Flemish man
112   Frisian man mɔn
120   German Mann ˈman ˈman
103   Norwegian: Bokmål mann mɑnː mɑnː more basic
107   Swedish man manː
119   Luxembourgish Mann mɑn mɑn
101   Icelandic maður ˈmaːðʏr Replaced MADR. Also 'human being'.
106   Old Swedish madher ˈmaðer maðer Stem mann-
121   German: Bernese Maa maː maː
111   Old Frisian mon mon mon
118   Middle High German man man man
113   Middle Dutch man man man
100   Old Icelandic maðr maðr maθr
104   Norwegian: Nynorsk mann mɑnː mɑnː
99   Gothic manna 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 ˈmanna ˈmanna
References
  • Kroonen, Guus: 353-354
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *mannan- 'man'. The etymology is disputed. Many scholars connect Proto-Germanic *mannan- with Skt. mánu- and OCS mǫžъ (cf. Ringe 2006:139) [cognate set 76](cog-76), but underlying *men-u- (not *mon-u-) would have yielded *minn- in Germanic. Consequently Kroonen proposes an alternative etymology as a secondary form of *guman- [cognate set 907](cog-907), arising through regular loss of the initial stops of original *dʰg̑ʰm-on-, giving result to a secondary Proto-Germanic root *man-.
  • Lehmann, Winfred P.: 244
    S.v. Goth. M23. 1. manna 'ἄνθρωπος, person, man'
  • Orel, Vladimir: 260
    Cf. s.v. PGmc. *mannz.
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    The cognacy of these Germanic lexemes are difficult to assign. A majority view of scholars assign them with derivatives of one of the PIE *men- roots in [cognate set 76](cog-76), alternatively a minority view of scholars places it with other Germanic, Italic, and Celtic words for 'human' < *dʰg̑ʰ-mon- *'earthling' [cognate set 907](cog-907). The cognacy decision for these lexemes has therefore been to split these lexemes from the majority class into their own separate class, which has been appropriately indexed to the other existing classes.
  • de Vries, Jan: 374-375
    Cf. s.v. ONor. maðr, mannr 'mann, mensch'.