Cognate Set 860 – Meaning: breathe

IE-CoR reference form:
*h₂enh₁-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Tocharian, Indo-Iranic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes derived from PIE *h₂enh₁- 'to breathe' (LIV² 267, NIL 307-311, cf. Adams 2013:12-13, EWAia I:72, Seebold 1970:78-79, Kroonen 2013:26-27, Meyer-Lübke 1935:38 no. 473, de Vaan 2008:43, Matasović 2009:35).
Found in clades:
Celtic, Germanic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 6 clades by 25 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
110   Danish ånde ˈʌnə
104   Faroese anda ˈand̥a
103   Icelandic anda ˈand̥a
161   Gaelic: Irish análaigh əˈnˠɑːlˠɪʝ Øˠəˈnˠaːlˠəɣʲ
109   Swedish andas ˈàndas
159   Gaelic: Scottish tarraing anail tarˠɪŋʲɡʲ anal
21   Vedic: Early an(i)- अन्- ɐn(i)- an(i)- root
158   Old Irish do·beir anál d̪ʷɔˈbʲɛrʲ ˈanˠaːlˠ dɔˈbʲerʲ ˈanaːl
4   Tocharian B anāṣṣäṃ əˈnaʂʂɨ̃ aˈnaʂʂ-ə-n Root /anask-/, pres./subj. stem /anaṣṣ-ə-/ ~ /anask-e-/.
108   Old Swedish anda ˈanda anda
107   Elfdalian andas
155   Middle Breton tennaff e alazn ˈtenːaṽ e ˈaːlaðn light-verb construction, literally 'to draw his breath'. The possessive agrees with the subject, e.g. Modern Breton tennañ va alan 'I breathe'.
49   Khotanese *uysan ʊzɐn uzan uysaṃdī 2sg. preterit, present stem probably uysan-
151   Welsh: North anadlu aˈnadlɨ aˈnadlɨ
156   Breton: Gwened tennein, tenn- i anal tɛnɛ̃ɲ i anäːl, ten-...
160   Gaelic: Manx tayrn ennal tarn ˈenal tarn ˈenal anáil a tharraingt
157   Breton: Treger dialanĩ ˈdi-aˈlãːnĩ, di-aˈlãːn- ˈdi-aˈlanĩ, di-aˈlan-
150   Middle Welsh anadyly anadɨlj (XVI c.). The corresponding noun is well attested
152   Middle Cornish anella əˈnelə
153   Late Cornish anal ˈanəl
138   Old Occitan halenar, alenar
140   Old Catalan alenar ələˈna ələˈna
111   Old English ēþian ˈeːðiɑn ˈeːθiɑn
102   Old Icelandic anda ˈanda ˈanda
101   Gothic anan 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 ˈanan ˈanan
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 12-13
    S.v. TochB anāsk- 'breathe, inhale', without doubt a reflex of PIE *h₂en(h₁)- 'breathe' (cf. Skt. ániti 'breathes', Gk. ἄνεμος 'breath, wind', Lat. animus 'spirit, soul', OIr. anál 'breath', Goth. uzanan 'exhale', etc.).
  • Kroonen, Guus: 26-27
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *anan- 'to breathe' and *anadan- m. 'breath, spirit'. The simple verb PGmc. *anan- < PIE *h₂enh₁- is preserved in Gothic uz-anan. The Old Norse etc. forms anda 'breathe' go back to a denominal verb *anadōjan- from the noun *anadō-.
  • Matasović, Ranko: 35
    Cf. s.v. Proto-Celtic *anatlā 'breath', from *h₂enh₁-tlo- based on PIE *h₂enh₁- 'breathe' (cf. Lat. animus, Gk. ἄνεμος < *h₂enh₁-mo-). [NB: the Celtic cognates in this set are either light-verb constructions with this noun, or have formed denominal verbs from this noun.]
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:72
    S.v. Ved. √an-ⁱ 'atmen' (IIr. cf. YAv. ā̊ṇtiiā̊ parā̊ṇtiiā̊ 'des Ein- und Ausatmens'), from PIE *h₂enh₁- (cf. Gk. ἄνε-μος 'Wind', Osc. ana-múm 'animam', Lat. animus 'Seele, Geist', anima 'Lufthauch, Atem, Seele', TochB anā-sk- 'einatmen', W. ana-dl 'Atem', Goth. uz-anan 'ausatmen', etc.).
  • Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm: 38
    Cf. s.v. 472 anhēla 'Atem', 2. alēna, 473 'anhēlāre 'atmen'.
  • Rix, Helmut: 267
    S.v. *h₂enh₁- 'atmen' (IEW 38-9)
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 307-311
    S.v. *h₂enh₁- 'atmen' (LIV² 267f., IEW 38f.)
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 43
    Cf. s.v. anhēlus 'gasping, panting', from PIE *h₂enh₁-slo- 'a breathing' (cf. OIr. anaid, ·ana 'to stay, wait', Skt. ániti 'to breathe', prāṇá- 'breath, breathing out, air', Goth. *-anan 'to breathe', TochB anāṣṣāṃ 'breathed in').