Cognate Set 971 – Meaning: bark

IE-CoR reference form:
*reu̯H-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Cognacy in this class follows Matasović 2009:317 in treating the lexemes as inherited, but note that the possibility of some borrowing or loan-adaptation between Brythonic and Goidelic and/or early Romance may still be possible (cf. Vendryes et al. 1959–1996 R:54).
Found in clades:
Celtic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 11 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
159   Gaelic: Scottish rùsg rˠuːsɡ
148   Gaulish rusca This word is inferred from proper names, e.g. the toponym Rusco-ialum, and from loans into late Latin preserved in Romance.
160   Gaelic: Manx roost ruːs(t) ruːs(t) rúsc
154   Old Breton rusc Refers to Latin cortix.
161   Gaelic: Irish rúsc ˈɾʷuːsˠkˠ ˈrˠuːsˠkˠ
155   Middle Breton rusquenn ˈrysken Derivation with singulative-suffix. The corresponding base is rusq, rusk 'bark' (same meaning) attested in Early Modern Breton.
157   Breton: Treger ruskenn ˈɹyskën ˈryskën
151   Welsh: North rhisgl r̥isɡl r̥isɡl
150   Middle Welsh rhisg r̥isɡ
153   Late Cornish risk risk
158   Old Irish rúsc ˈr̪ˠuːsˠkˠ ˈr̪uːsk
References
  • Matasović, Ranko: 317
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *rūsk(l)o-, rusko- 'bark'. It is possible that some of the Brittonic forms (with -u-) were borrowed from Goidelic, or Romance in the prehistoric period. The vocalism of OIr. rúsc is probably original, though DIL states that it was borrowed from Brittonic. If inherited, then the forms may be analysed as *rū-sko- < *ruH-sko-, cf. PIE *reu̯H- 'to rip, to tear' ([LIV²](src-141) 510, [IEW](src-49) 868), i.e. bark is conceived as 'something ripped' (cf. ON rýja 'shear (of sheep)', OCS ryti 'dig', Lat. ruō 'dig out', TochB ru- 'pull out', etc.
  • Vendryes, Joseph and Bachellery, Edouard and Lambert, Pierre-Yves: R:54
    S.v. OIr. rúsc 'écorce'. According to [Pedersen 1909](src-307):332 OIr. rúsc is a borrowing from Brythonic, but it could well be the other way around. In any case this doesn't provide an indication of an etymology.