Meaning: bad

Represented in 155 languages with 77 cognate sets.

Illustrative Context

That isn’t a good idea, it’s a bad idea.

Target Sense

  • The most generic, default, unmarked adjective for negative judgement, as an antonym of good.
  • The target sense is a general judgement of negative, i.e. deleterious or inappropriate in the current context.
    Beware the wide polysemy of the English word bad.
  • Avoid terms specific to the sense of morally wrong or evil. There is no necessary implication of this in the IE-CoR target sense of ‘bad’.
  • Avoid terms for other specific sub-senses of English ‘bad’, e.g. words that mean specifically ‘rotten’, ‘angry’, etc..
  • Avoid marked, intensifying words, such as terrible, horrible.
  • Some languages may not have a straightforward candidate lexeme for this target sense. In such cases, as well as the illustrative context given above, consider also which term for ‘bad’ works well in a wider variety of usage contexts.
  • Occasional languages (e.g. Cuzco Quechua) may even lack a default generic adjective for ‘bad’, and instead use just a negation of their lexeme for ‘good’. It is possible to enter this ‘not good’ combination as the lexeme for this meaning, but only in languages where there is no viable simple adjective for negative judgement.

Cognate sets for meaning: bad

Id <span style="white-space:nowrap;">IE-CoR ref. form&nbsp;</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">IE-CoR ref. lang.&nbsp;</span> # clades # lexemes loan? pll loan? pll deriv.? ideoph.? loan src lang. src lex cogset. Details

Lexeme Details

Language Lexeme Phonetic Phonemic Cognate set loan? pll loan? Source lang