Cognate Set 1186 – Meaning: turn

IE-CoR reference form:
*u̯ert-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Indo-Iranic, Balto-Slavic, and Italic lexemes from PIE *u̯ert- 'to turn around, roll' (LIV² 691-692, EWAia II:518-519, ALEW 1197-1198, Derksen 2008:529, 539, Derksen 2015:492, de Vaan 2008:666-667).
Found in clades:
Baltic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 5 clades by 30 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
79   Bulgarian obr″štam обръщам uˈbɾɤʃtəm oˈbrɤʃtam
98   Belarusian pavaročvac′ паварочваць pɑ̈vɑ̈ˈrɔtʂvɑ̈tsʲ povoˈrotʂvatsʲ Depending on the context various prefixes or reflexive forms can be used.
80   Macedonian vrti врти ˈvəɾti ˈvrti
97   Russian povoračivat' поворачивать pəvɐˈɾɑ̈tʃivətsʲ povaˈratʃivatʲ
99   Ukrainian obertati обертати ɔbɛ̽ɾˈtɑ̈tɪ̽ oberˈtatɪ Depending on the context various prefixes can be used, eg. 'повертати'.
21   Vedic: Early vr̥t- वृत्- ʋɾt- vr̥t- root; ~ vr̥j-
124   Latin uertere ˈwertere ˈwertere uertō, uertere, uertī, uersum
78   Old Church Slavonic obratiti обратити ɔbrɑtiti obratiti
77   Old Prussian wartint
33   Marathi vaḷaṇe वळणे ʋəɭˈɳe cf. Skt. VAL- 'to turn' (Buck 1949: 665), prob. ultimately fr. the same root as cognate set 1186
147   Umbrian vurtus Native script: vurtus (3.sg.fut., IIa 2), kuvertu (3.sg.imptv. + preverb ko-, Ib 9,36,38, IIa 39), kuvurtus (3.sg.fut. + preverb ko-, Ib 11). Latin script: couertu (3.sg.imptv. + preverb ko-, VIb 47, VIIa 44, 45), couortus (3.sg.fut. + preverb ko-, VIIa 39), courtust (3.sg.fut. + preverb ko-, VIa 6), couortuso (3.sg.fut.pass.? + preverb ko-, VIb 64).
46   Avestan: Younger varǝtata 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀𐬙𐬀 u̯artata the form "uruuisiieiti" given before belongs to the root *u̯reik̑- which means "twist/turn" which is intransitive
22   Pali vaṭṭati ʋɐʈʈɐtɪ vaʈʈati
88   Polish obracać ɔbˈɾɑ̈tsɑ̈tɕ obˈratsatɕ
95   Sorbian: Lower wobrośiś ˈɔbɾɔɕiɕ ˈobroɕiɕ 2. I turned my head suddenly when I heard the loud noise. In various contexts various preffixes can be added.
85   Slovene obračati ɔˈbɾɑ̈́ːtʃɑ̈ti, ɔˈbɾɑ̈̀ːtʃɑ̈ti ɔˈbraːtʃati An alternative lexeme is 'obrniti'. Another alternative lexeme, 'okreniti', is bookish.
83   Serbo-Croat obrnuti ɔˈbə̌ɾnuti oˈbřːnuti An alternative lexeme is 'okrenuti'.
94   Sorbian: Upper wobroćić ˈwɔbʁɔtʃitʃ ˈwɔbʀɔtʃitʃ
90   Polabian vortăt ˈvɔrtɜt ˈvortɜt
89   Kashubian òbracac wɛˈbɾɑ̈tsɑ̈t obˈratsats
66   Middle Persian wardēd wrdyd ɡʷarð- wardeːd ZP wlt-, past wšt-
55   Parthian wardēd wrdyd wardeːd wardeːd AF wrt- /wart-?/, past wšt- /wašt-/
87   Old Polish obracać ˈɔbra̠tsa̠tɕ ˈobratsatɕ
92   Old Czech obrátiti ˈɔbrɑ̈ːcici ˈobraːtjitji
81   Macedonian: Suho vr̥̀ъtnuvam ˈvɾətnuvɐm ˈvrtnuvam
86   Slovene: Kostel obračati o̝ˈbɾɑ̈ːtʃɑ̈t o̝ˈbraːtʃat
84   Slovene: Early Modern obarniti
48   Sogdian zwert zwyrt zu̯ert MS; M prwyrt seems to be a synonym, but in any case it belongs to the same root
47   Khwarazmian pārwacceda pʾrwc̈yd paːru̯atstseda (previously given "γyr" is intransitive, but cf. causative γyrȳ)
56   Kurdish N.: Bahdini dzɨvɨrinit dzɨvɨrinit with prefix *uz- (Cheung 2007: 425)
References
  • Boryś, W.: 376, 694-695, 710
    PS *obvortiti is derived from *vortiti, cf. Lithuanian ver̃sti, verčiù, Gothic wairþan and Latin vertō, vertere. PIE *u̯ert- < *u̯er-.
  • Derksen, Rick: 492
    Cf. s.v. Lith. vartýti 'turn, turn over' to which also OPr. wartint 'turn', from PIE *uort-eie- (cf. Skt. vartáyati 'turns').
  • Derksen, Rick: 529, 539
    Cf. s.v. Proto-Slavic *vortiti 'turn, return' from PIE *uort-eie- (cf. Lith. vartýti 'turn, turn over', OPr. wartint 'turn', Skt. vartáyati 'turns') and s.v. Proto-Slavic *vьrtěti 'turn', from PIE *urt- (cf. Lith. vir̃sti 'fall, collapse, turn into', Skt. vártate 'turn, roll').
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 1197-1198
    Cf. s.v. OLith. vartýti 'wenden, drehen, wälzen' (BSl. Latv. vā̀rtit, OPr. inf. wartint 'kehren', OCS vratiti '(sich) umwenden'), from PIE *u̯ert- (cf. Ved. (cs.-iter.) vartáyati, OIr. dofortai 'gießt (aus), Goth. fra-waurdjan 'verderben', etc.).
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:518-519
    S.v. Ved. √vart- 'sich drehen, sich wenden, rollen' (IIr. cf. YAv. varət-a- 'wenden', Parth. wrd-/wšt- 'se tourner', Chwaresm. m;ʾwrd- zurückkehren, umkehren', NPers. gard-/gaštan 'wenden, drehen', Sogd. wrtn 'Wagen', etc.). from PIE *u̯ert- 'sich drehen, wenden' (cf. OHG werdan 'werden', ON norðan-verðr 'nordwärts gerichtet', Lat. uertō 'wende, kehre', Lith. vir̃sti 'wenden, kehren', OCS vrьteti 'sich wenden, drehen').
  • Rix, Helmut: 691-2
    S.v. *u̯ert- 'sich umdrehen' (IEW 1156-8)
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 666-667
    S.v. Lat. ve/ortō, -ere 'to turn', from Proto-Italic wert-e/o- (cf. O. ϝερσορει [dat.sg.] epithet of Jupiter prob. 'who averts' < *uert-tor, U. <b>vurtus</b>, etc. < *urt-us-), from PIE *uert-e/o- (cf. Skt. vártate 'to turn (around), roll', Av. varəta- 'to turn', OPr. wīrst 'to become', Lith. vir̃sti 'to turn (around), fall over, become', OCS vrьtěti, Ru. vertét 'to turn (around)' < *u̯r̥t-, Goth. wairþan, OHG werdan 'to become', etc.).