Cognate Set 14 – Meaning: cold

IE-CoR reference form:
*k̑elH-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Iranic and Baltic lexemes derived from PIE *k̑elH- 'to be cold, freeze' (NIL 416-417, cf. EWAia II:641, Cheung 2007:336-337, ALEW 1008-1009, Derksen 2015:439-440, LIV² 323).
Found in clades:
Baltic, Iranic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 2 clades by 22 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
76   Lithuanian šáltas ˈʃɑˑltɐs ˈʃaˑltɐs
67   Persian: Tehran sard سرد særd særd
51   Wakhi sʉr sʉr
77   Old Prussian salta Gr
56   Kurdish N.: Bahdini sar sɑːr sɑr
49   Khotanese sāḍa- sɑːɽɐ- saːɖa
55   Parthian sard srd saɾd sard
75   Latgalian solts sɔlts sɔlts
71   Kumzari sard sɐɻd sɐɻd
53   Yaghnobi sōrt
68   Bakhtiari sard saɾd sard
48   Sogdian sart srt sart sart
63   Mazanderani sard særd
69   Delvari særd særd
70   Lari sard sard
64   Balochi: Sistani sard særd
57   Kurdish C.: Jafi sard særd
60   Hawrami sard særd
58   Kurdish S.: Elami sard saɾd
47   Khwarazmian sard srd sard
66   Middle Persian sard sltˈ sarð sard ZMP
59   Kurdish S.: Qorveh sārd sɑrd
References
  • Cheung, Johnny: 336-337
    Cf. s.v. Proto-Iranian *sarH- 'to cool, become cold', from PIE *k̑elH- 'to freeze' (cf. Lith. šálti 'to freeze, to cool (off), become cool', Latv. sal̃t 'to freeze').
  • Derksen, Rick: 439-440
    S.v. Lith. šáltas 'cold' (Latv. salts 'cold'), cognate with YAv. sarəta- 'cold' and also connected within Baltic to Lith. šálti 'freeze', Latv. salt 'freeze, clot', which in turn reflect a root *k̑olH- which may have been of denominative origin.
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 1008-1009
    Cf. s.v. OLith. šálti 'frieren' (derived adj. šáltas 'kalt'), from PIE *k̑elH- 'kalt werden, frieren'.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:641
    Regarding the Iranian nominal forms, cf. notes s.v. Ved. śíśira- 'Vorfrühling, kühle Jahreszeit', where YAv. sarəta- 'kalt', Lith. šálti '[ge]frieren, abkuhlen, kalt werden' are connected to PIE *k̑elH- 'frieren'.
  • Rix, Helmut: 323
    S.v. *k̑elH- 'kalt werden, frieren' (IEW 551), cf. n1 comparing Ved. śíśira- 'kühl, kalt', YAb. sarəta- 'kalt', root noun in YAv. sarə-δā 'Kälte bringend'.
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 416–417
    S.v. *k̑elH ‘kalt werden, frieren’ (LIV 323, IEW 551), cf. n6 suggesting the Iranian lexemes are rather reflexes of 2. *k̑el- 'warm werden'.