Cognate Set 157 – Meaning: water

IE-CoR reference form:
*h₂ep-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Indo-Iranic lexemes continuing a PIE root noun *h₂ep- 'water, river' (NIL 311-317, EWAia I:81-82, Turner 1962–1966:19 no.407).
Found in clades:
Indic, Iranic, Nuristani
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 3 clades by 36 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
34   Kashmiri aab آب ɑːb ɑːb
67   Persian: Tehran āb آب ɒːb ɒb
56   Kurdish N.: Bahdini av ɑːv ɑv
46   Avestan: Younger ap 𐬀𐬞 ap Stem āp-/ap-, mostly plural, Nom.sg. āfš
65   Old Persian ap 𐎠𐎱 ap
22   Pali āpa aːpɐ aːpa
49   Khotanese ūtca uːtsɐ uːt͜sa
51   Wakhi yupk jupk
66   Middle Persian āb ʾb ɑːβ aːb ZP ʾp̄
55   Parthian āb ʾʾb ɑːb aːb AF ʾb
21   Vedic: Early ā́p* आप्* ˈaːp áːp pl. ā́pas; VEDIC SWADESH TERM! (= clearly more frequent than) ~vā́r ~ váar n.
71   Kumzari 'āw ʔaːw ʔaːw
53   Yaghnobi ōp AF ōw
68   Bakhtiari aw ʔəw aʋ
54   Bactrian abbo αββο aːβ cf. Manichaean ˀβ
48   Sogdian āp ʾp aːp
63   Mazanderani u u
69   Delvari ow ow
70   Lari ow ow
64   Balochi: Sistani āp ɑp
57   Kurdish C.: Jafi āw ɑw
62   Tati viye vije
37   Gawarbati aau آوُ aːˈʊ aːwu GM ā̌ū
36   Gawri ū اُو ʔṵːʔ uː H(L)
50   Pashto oba اوبه ˈʔo.bə ʔobə
61   Raji: Barzoki u ʔu u
58   Kurdish S.: Elami āw ɒw
60   Hawrami āwī ɑwi
38   Khowar uɣ اوغ uˑχ uɣ
45   Vâsi-vari: Paṣki ′âv ˈāw ˈaːβ ˈaβ
40   Kamviri ′oa ˈo̞ː ˈo̞ɨ
41   Kâta-vari: Eastern ′ov ′ōw ˈo̞ʋ ˈo̞v
42   Kâta-vari: Ktivi âv′a aβ̞ˈɨ aβ̞ˈɨ
43   Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm âv ˈa̞β̞ a̞β
44   Saṇu-viri: Wâmâ âb′o abˈʊ abˈʊ
59   Kurdish S.: Qorveh āw ɑw
References
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:81-82
    S.v. Ved. áp- 'Wasser', from PIE *h₂ep- (cf. Hitt. directive ḫa-pa-a 'zum Fluß', TochAB āp 'Wasser, Fluß, Strom', OPr. ape 'Bach, kleiner Fluß', Lith. ùpė 'Strom, Fluß', Latv. upe 'Fluß, Bach').
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley: 19
    For MIA, NIA and Nuristani forms, cf. s.v. 407 áp f., pl. ā́paḥ 'waters' RV.
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 311–317
    S.v. *h₂ep- 'Wasser, Fluß' (IEW 1,51f., 1149, EIEC 486, 636).