Cognate Set 157 – Meaning: water

IE-CoR reference form:
*h₂ep-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Indo-Iranic lexemes continuing a PIE root noun *h₂ep- 'water, river' (NIL 311-317, EWAia I:81-82, Turner 1962–1966:19 no.407).
Found in clades:
Indo-Iranic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 36 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
32   Kashmiri aab آب ɑːb ɑːb
67   Persian: Tehran āb آب ɒːb ɒb
54   Kurdish N.: Bahdini av ɑːv ɑv
44   Avestan: Younger ap 𐬀𐬞 ap Stem āp-/ap-, mostly plural, Nom.sg. āfš
65   Old Persian ap 𐎠𐎱 ap
20   Pali āpa aːpɐ aːpa
47   Khotanese ūtca uːtsɐ uːt͜sa
49   Wakhi yupk jupk
66   Middle Persian āb ʾb ɑːβ aːb ZP ʾp̄
53   Parthian āb ʾʾb ɑːb aːb AF ʾb
19   Vedic: Early ā́p* आप्* ˈaːp áːp pl. ā́pas; VEDIC SWADESH TERM! (= clearly more frequent than) ~vā́r ~ váar n.
71   Kumzari 'āw ʔaːw ʔaːw
51   Yaghnobi ōp AF ōw
68   Bakhtiari aw ʔəw aʋ
52   Bactrian abbo αββο aːβ cf. Manichaean ˀβ
46   Sogdian āp ʾp aːp
61   Mazanderani u u
69   Delvari ow ow
70   Lari ow ow
62   Balochi: Sistani āp ɑp
55   Kurdish C.: Jafi āw ɑw
60   Tati viye vije
35   Gawarbati aau آوُ aːˈʊ aːwu GM ā̌ū
34   Gawri ū اُو ʔṵːʔ uː H(L)
48   Pashto oba اوبه ˈʔo.bə ʔobə
59   Raji: Barzoki u ʔu u
56   Kurdish S.: Elami āw ɒw
58   Hawrami āwī ɑwi
36   Khowar uɣ اوغ uˑχ uɣ
43   Vâsi-vari: Paṣki ′âv ˈāw ˈaːβ ˈaβ
38   Kamviri ′oa ˈo̞ː ˈo̞ɨ
39   Kâta-vari: Eastern ′ov ′ōw ˈo̞ʋ ˈo̞v
40   Kâta-vari: Ktivi âv′a aβ̞ˈɨ aβ̞ˈɨ
41   Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm âv ˈa̞β̞ a̞β
42   Saṇu-viri: Wâmâ âb′o abˈʊ abˈʊ
57   Kurdish S.: Qorveh āw ɑw
References
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:81-82
    S.v. Ved. áp- 'Wasser', from PIE *h₂ep- (cf. Hitt. directive ḫa-pa-a 'zum Fluß', TochAB āp 'Wasser, Fluß, Strom', OPr. ape 'Bach, kleiner Fluß', Lith. ùpė 'Strom, Fluß', Latv. upe 'Fluß, Bach').
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley: 19
    For MIA, NIA and Nuristani forms, cf. s.v. 407 áp f., pl. ā́paḥ 'waters' RV.
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 311–317
    S.v. *h₂ep- 'Wasser, Fluß' (IEW 1,51f., 1149, EIEC 486, 636).