Cognate Set 200 – Meaning: day

IE-CoR reference form:
*dʰegʷʰ-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Proposed as cognate to:
*(h₂)eg̑ʰ- [Proto-Indo-European] scale: 1
Justification:
Many attempts have been made to try to relate the Indic words for 'day' from Ved. áhar ~ áhan- with the Germanic words for day (cf. esp. the heteroclitic stem common in North Germanic from PGmc. *dōgera- ~ *dōgena- 'a full day, twenty-four hours' in ON dœgr, dœgn, Sw. dygn, Nw. døger, døgn, Da. døgn, etc.). The loss of the initial dental in Indo-Iranian is, however, anomalous. Cf. EWAia I:154 and Kroonen 2013:97 s.v. *dōgera- ~ *dōgena- for further discussion.
Found in clades:
Germanic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 23 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
110   Danish dag ˈdæˀ
116   Dutch dag dɑχ
112   English day deɪ Middle English day, dai, Old English dæg
104   Faroese dagur ˈd̥ɛaːvʊɹ
117   Flemish dag
114   Frisian dei dai
122   German Tag ˈtʰaːɡ̊ ˈtaːɡ
103   Icelandic dagur ˈd̥aːɣʏr Changed from DAGR.
105   Norwegian: Bokmål dag dɑːɡ dɑːɡ
109   Swedish dag dɑː(ɡ)
121   Luxembourgish Dag daːχ daːχ
107   Elfdalian dag dɑːɡ dɑːɡ
108   Old Swedish dagher ˈdaɣer daɡer
123   German: Bernese Tag taːɡ̊ taːɡ̊
119   Old High German tag taɡ taɡ
113   Old Frisian dei dej dej
120   Middle High German tac tak tak
111   Old English dæġ dæj dæj
118   Old Saxon dag daɣ daɣ
115   Middle Dutch dach dax dax
102   Old Icelandic dagr daɣr daɡr
101   Gothic dags 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 daxs daɡs
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk dag dɑːɡ dɑːɡ
References
  • Kroonen, Guus: 86-87, 97
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *daga- 'day', from PIE *dʰog̑ʰ-o-, a thematic noun related to PGmc. *dōgera- ~ *dōgena- 'a full day, twenty-four hours' < *dʰṓg̑ʰ-r/n- (cf. Skt. áhar-, gen. áhnas, loc. áhan, áhani 'day' OAv. gen.pl. asnąm 'id.'). "In Early Indo-Iranian, this formation lost its initial dental, possibly in the locative *dʰgʰ-én-i, where the root had a zero-grade."
  • Lehmann, Winfred P.: 86-87
    S.v. Gothic dags (D3). Possibly from PIE *dʰegʷʰ- burn, with modifications (cf. Skt. ni-dāghás 'heat, summer', Lith. dãgas, dagà 'heat, sultry harvest time', OPruss. dagis 'summer', Skt. dāhas 'burning, heat', OIr. daig, gen. dega 'fire; Skt. dáhati, Av. dažaiti 'burns', Lith. degù, Latv. dęgu, OCS žegǫ < *degǫ 'burn', etc.). "dags would then refer to the period 'when the sun burns down'".
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:154
    Cf. s.v. Ved. áhan- (~ áhar, Heterokliton) 'Tag, Tageschelle'. Perhaps from PIE *(h₂)eg̑ʰ-r/n- [cognate set 8124](cog-8124), which has been attempted by some scholars to be connected with Germanic words for 'day'.
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    Many attempts have been made to try to relate the Indic words for 'day' from Ved. áhar ~ áhan- with the Germanic words for day (cf. esp. the heteroclitic stem common in North Germanic from PGmc. *dōgera- ~ *dōgena- 'a full day, twenty-four hours' in ON dœgr, dœgn, Sw. dygn, Nw. døger, døgn, Da. døgn, etc.). The loss of the initial dental in Indo-Iranian is, however, anomalous. Cf. [EWAia](src-172) I:154 and [Kroonen 2013](src-165):97 s.v. *dōgera- ~ *dōgena- for further discussion.