Cognate Set 2232 – Meaning: moon

IE-CoR reference form:
*meh₁-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Tocharian, Indo-Iranic, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, and Italic lexemes derived from PIE *meh₁- 'to measure' (Adams 2013:503, EWAia II:352-353, ALEW 634-635, ESSJa 18:191-194, Derksen 2008:312-313, Kroonen 2013:365, de Vaan 2008:373).
Found in clades:
Baltic, Germanic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Nuristani, Slavic, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 8 clades by 77 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
78   Old Church Slavonic měsęcĭ мѣсѧць mæsɛ̃tsʲɪ̆ mæsẽtsɪ An alternative lexeme is 'лѹна'. However, it is much less frequent in the Canon (>200 <300 vs 20).
76   Lithuanian mėnùlis mʲeːˈnʊlʲɪs mʲeːˈnʊlʲɪs Changed from MENUO.
77   Old Prussian menig
74   Latvian mēness ˈmɛːnɛsː mɛːnɛss
4   Tocharian B meñe ˈmeɲe meɲe
3   Tocharian A mañ məɲ məɲ
121   Luxembourgish Mound məʊnt məʊnt
21   Vedic: Early mā́ḥ माः ˈmaːh máːs
93   Czech měsíc ˈmɲɛsiːts ˈmɲesiːts
104   Faroese máni ˈmɔanɪ
109   Swedish måne ˈmòːnə From Old Norse máni.
83   Serbo-Croat mjesec ˈmjɛ̂sɛːts ˈmjêseːts Ekavian variant: 'mesec' /mêseːts/ [ˈmɛ̂sɛːts].
46   Avestan: Younger māh 𐬨𐬁𐬵 maːh Stem måŋh- (māh-)
65   Old Persian māh 𐎶𐎠𐏃 maːh only attested in combination with month names, but there is no evidence to assume that 'moon' and 'month' would be different
112   English moon muːn Middle English moone, Old English mōna
116   Dutch maan man
122   German Mond ˈmoːnd̥ ˈmoːnd
110   Danish måne ˈmɔːnə
108   Old Swedish mane ˈmɑːne mɑːne
105   Norwegian: Bokmål måne ˈmòːnə ˈmòːnɛ
99   Ukrainian mìsâc′ місяць ˈmʲisʲɐtsʲ ˈmisʲatsʲ
98   Belarusian mesâc месяц ˈmʲɛsʲɑ̈ts ˈmʲesʲats
94   Sorbian: Upper měsačk ˈmɪsɑ̈tʃk ˈmɪsatʃk Formally a diminutive.
95   Sorbian: Lower mjasec ˈmʲjɑ̈sɛts ˈmjasets
91   Slovak mesiac ˈmɛsiɑ̈ts ˈmesiats
80   Macedonian mesečina месечина mɛˈse̞tʃinɑ̈ meˈsetʃina
49   Khotanese māstä mɑːstə maːstə i-stem, cf. acc. māśtu
89   Kashubian miesąc ˈmjɛsuts ˈmjesuts Some other dialects use the lexeme 'ksãżëc'.
66   Middle Persian māh mʾẖ mɑːh maːh "moon; month", ZP mʾh
55   Parthian māh mʾẖ mɑːh maːh "moon; month"
147   Umbrian menzne Native script: menzne (abl.sg., IIa 17). Cf. anter:menzaru (gen.pl. IIa 16), which is probably to be interpreted, like Lat. interlūnium, 'new moon'.
72   Ossetic: Iron mæj мӕй mɜj mɜj
73   Ossetic: Digor mæj мӕй mɜj mɜj
67   Persian: Tehran māh ماه mɒh
75   Latgalian mienesnīks ˈmʲiɛnʲɛsʲnʲiːks mʲienʲesʲnʲiːks
117   Flemish maan
114   Frisian moanne ˈmwanə
87   Old Polish miesiąc ˈmʲɛɕɒ̃ːts ˈmʲeɕãːts
92   Old Czech měsiec ˈmʲesʲeːts ˈmjesjeːts
100   Rusyn m′ís′ac′ mʲiˈ(sʲ/ɕ)ɑ̈tsʲ mʲiˈsʲatsʲ
81   Macedonian: Suho misinčìna mʲisʲinˈtʃinɐ misinˈtʃina
82   Macedonian: Visoka misinčìna mʲisʲinˈtʃinɐ misinˈtʃina
86   Slovene: Kostel mesec ˈme̝ːsɑ̈ts ˈme̝ːsats
68   Bakhtiari mā mɑ mɑ
54   Bactrian mao μαο maːh attested as the name of the moon god in 2nd cent. and later in meaning 'month' (AF maυo)
123   German: Bernese Mond mɔːnt mɔːnd̥
48   Sogdian māx mʾx maːχ
63   Mazanderani māh mɒh
69   Delvari mɒh mɒh
70   Lari mā mɒ
64   Balochi: Sistani māh mɑh
57   Kurdish C.: Jafi māng mɑŋ
47   Khwarazmian māh mʾh maːh
60   Hawrami māŋ mɑŋ
58   Kurdish S.: Elami māŋ mɒŋ
61   Raji: Barzoki mạ ma̠ˁ ma̠ˁ
37   Gawarbati maasoi ماسوئ mãːˈsɵˑi maːsoj GM mās'ūi, mās'ōi
39   Pashai: North-West maiṭalu مایټلو majʈaˈlu majʈalu
38   Khowar mas مس mɑs mɑs
50   Pashto spogmai سپوږمئ ˈspoɡ.məi spoɡməi
119   Old High German māno ˈmaːno ˈmaːno
52   Sarikoli most most
113   Old Frisian mōna ˈmɔːna ˈmɔːna
120   Middle High German mâne ˈmaːnə ˈmaːnə
111   Old English mōna ˈmoːnɑ ˈmoːnɑ
118   Old Saxon mâno ˈmaːno ˈmaːno
115   Middle Dutch mane ˈmaːnə ˈmaːnə
101   Gothic mena 𐌼𐌴𐌽𐌰 ˈmeːna ˈmeːna
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk måne ˈmoːnə ˈmoːnɛ
45   Vâsi-vari: Paṣki mas′ag məsˈəg mɨsˈɨɣ mɨsˈɨɡ
51   Wakhi mak mak Normally in compound with first member ẓ̌y-/žə-.'my'
40   Kamviri m′os mˈo̞s mˈo̞s
41   Kâta-vari: Eastern m′os mos mˈo̞s mˈo̞s
42   Kâta-vari: Ktivi m′us mˈus mˈus
43   Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm mâs mˈa̞s mˈa̞s
44   Saṇu-viri: Wâmâ m′âs mˈas mˈas
59   Kurdish S.: Qorveh māŋ mɑŋ
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 503
    S.v. meñe 'moon', 'month', along with TochA mañ, reflecting Proto-Tocharian *mẽñẽ from PIE *meh₁nē(n)-. This n-stem was rebuilt on the nominative singular *meh₁nē(t), which was in itself analogical for *meh₁nōt, oblique *meh₁nes- (cf. Beekes 2010:945).
  • Beekes, Robert: 945
    Cf. s.v. Gk. μήν (2) 'month', also 'moon-sickle', from PIE *meh₁nōt, *meh₁n-es-s 'moon, month'. An original derivation from *meh₁- 'measure' from the role of the moon as a measure of time is possible.
  • Derksen, Rick: 312-313
    *měsę̄cь 'moon, month', from PIE *meh₁n-(e)s- (cf. Skt. mā́s 'moon, month', Gk. μείς (Ion.) 'moon', Lat. mēnsis 'month', Goth. mena 'moon', OHG māno 'moon').
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 634-635
    S.v. OLith. mė́nuo (1), mė́nuoi (1), mėnuõ 'Mond, Monat' (BSl. Latv. mẽmesis 'Mond, Monat', mẽness 'id.', OPr. menig 'Mond', OCS měsęcь 'Mond, Monat', etc.), from PIE *meh₁nōt-, *meh₁nes-, *meh₁n̥s- 'Mond, Monat' (cf. Ved. mā́s-, A.sg. mā́sam, 'Mond, Monat' OAv. mā̊, YAv. mā̊, G.sg. mā̊ŋhō 'id.', Gk. μήν, G.sg. μηνός [Ion. μείς, Dor. μής] 'Monat, Mondsichel', Myc. me-no '(des) Monats', Arm. amis, G.sg. amsoy 'Monat', Alb. muoj (altgeg.) 'Monat', Lat. mēnsis 'Monat', Umbr. Abl.sg. menze 'Monat, Mond', OIr. mí, G.sg. mís 'Monat', MW mis, OBret. mis 'id.', Goth. menoþs, D.pl. menoþum 'Monat', mena 'Mond', ON mánaðr 'Monat', TochB meñe 'Mond, Monat'). The PIE word for 'moon' and 'month' would have been inflected as a t/s-heteroclitic in PIE.
  • Kroonen, Guus: 365
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *mēnan- 'moon', from PIE *meh₁n-os- 'moon'.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:352-353
    S.v. Ved. mā́s- 'Mond, Monat' < PIE *meh₁-n̥s- (> IIr. *maHas- whence OAv. mā̊ /maHah/), ultimately a derivative of *meh₁- 'messen'.
  • Rix, Helmut: 424-425
    Cf. s.v. *meh₁- '(ab)messen' (IEW 703-4).
  • Sims-Williams, Nicholas: 230
    Bactrian μαο, μαυο 'month' < *māhV- (cf. MPers. māh).
  • Trubačev, O. N.: 18: 191-194
    PS *měsęcĭ < *mē(n)s-en-ko. The ultimate root is *mē- 'to measure'.
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 373
    Cf. s.v. Lat. mēnsis 'month', from Proto-Italic *mēns- 'month, moon' (Umb. abl.sg. <b>menzne</b> 'moon', Marsian loc. or abl. sg. mesene 'month', Umb. gen.pl. <b>anter:menzaru</b> 'new moon'), from PIE *meh₁-n-s-, probably to be derived from *meh₁- 'measure'.