Cognate Set 237 – Meaning: hear

IE-CoR reference form:
*h₂keu̯s-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
The cognacy of the Greek and Germanic forms is generally agreed, but the derivation of the forms from a common IE proto-form is disputed. An explanation from a compound stem *h₂k-h₂ou̯s-i̯e- 'is sharp-eared' is commonly considered (cf. Ringe 2006:71), but this analysis remains uncertain (cf. Beekes 2010:55). For references to older literature, cf. Chantraine 1968–1980:50-51; Lehmann 1986:180-181.
Found in clades:
Germanic, Hellenic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 2 clades by 30 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
108   Danish høre ˈhøːʌ
114   Dutch horen ˈhorə(n)
110   English hear hɪə Middle English hearen, Old English hīeran
102   Faroese hoyra ˈhɔiːɹa
115   Flemish hooren
112   Frisian hearre ˈjɛrə Added second -r-.
120   German hören ˈhøːɐn ˈhøːʁən
8   Greek: Modern Std akoýō ακούω aˈkuˌo̞ aˈkuˌo̞
101   Icelandic heyra ˈheiːra
103   Norwegian: Bokmål høre ˈhø̀ːɾə ˈhø̀ːrɛ
107   Swedish höra ˈhœ̀ːra
6   Greek: Ancient akoúō ἀκούω akúo̞ː akúo̞ː Inf. ἀκούειν
119   Luxembourgish héieren ˈhɜɪɑʀən ˈhɜɪɑʀən
106   Old Swedish höra ˈhøːra høːra
105   Elfdalian ära ˈæ̀ːrɑ ˈæ̀ːrɑ
7   Greek: New Testament akoúō ἀκούω aˈkuo̞ aˈkuo̞ > 30 attestations in the NT.
11   Greek: Cypriot akoýō ακούω ɐˈkuɔ ɐˈkuɔ
10   Greek: Pontic akoú(g)ō ακού(γ)ω aˈku(ɣ)o̞ aˈku(ɣ)o̞
12   Greek: Italiot (a)koúō (α)κούω (a)ˈkuo̞ (a)ˈkuo̞ It.; also /ˈkunno̞/ Cal.
9   Greek: Cappadocian akoúgō ακούγω aˈkuɣo aˈkuɣo
121   German: Bernese ghöre kʰœːrə ɡ̊hœːrə
117   Old High German hōren ˈhoːren ˈhoːren
111   Old Frisian hēra ˈheːra ˈheːra
118   Middle High German hœren ˈhøːrən ˈhøːrən
109   Old English hīeran ˈhiːe̯rɑn ˈhiːe̯rɑn
116   Old Saxon hôrian ˈhɔːrjan ˈhɔːrjan
113   Middle Dutch horen ˈhoːrən ˈhoːrən
100   Old Icelandic heyra ˈhøy̯ra ˈhøy̯ra
99   Gothic hausjan 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 ˈhɔːsjan ˈhɔːsjan
104   Norwegian: Nynorsk høyre ˈhøyʁə ˈhøyʁɛ
References
  • Beekes, Robert: 55
    S.v. Gk. ἀκούω 'hear', from PIE *h₂keu̯s- 'hear' (cf. Gothic hausjan 'hear'). The verb has often been explained as a compound from ἀκ- 'sharp' and οὖς, but this is not certain.
  • Chantraine, Pierre: 50-51
    S.v. Gk. ἀκούω. Generally two explanations have been considered for an etymology: Either (1) as a compound *ἀκ-ουσ-i̯ω 'to extend the ear' or (2) to be connected with Goth. hausjan 'entendre', in which ἀ- may be the zero-grade of *en- 'dans'; for the forms without the prothesis, cf. κοέω 'entendre, comprendre'. The second explanation is the one generally given [at the time of this lexicon's composition].
  • Kroonen, Guus: 217
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *hauzjan- 'to hear' < PIE *h₂kous-ie-, cf. Gk. ἀκούω.
  • Lehmann, Winfred P.: 180-181
    S.v. Goth. H52. hausjan 'ἀκούειν', 'hear', from PIE *(s)keu̯-s- 'note, perceive, hear' (cf. Skt. kaví- 'wise; seer', Gk. κοέω 'note', ἀκούω 'hear'); others have attempted to analyse Gk. ἀκούω < *ak-ous-yō 'I hear distinctly', although this is less likely than a derivation from *keu̯-.
  • Ringe, Don: 71
    Perhaps originally a compound *h₂k̑-h₂ou̯s-iéti '(s)he is sharp-eared' > PGmc. *hauziϸi '(s)he hears' (cf. Goth. hauseiϸ, OE hīerϸ), cf. Gk. ἀκούειν 'to hear'. [Cf. *h₂ek̑- 'sharp' (LIV² 261, NIL 287-300, IEW 18-22), *h₂ou̯s- 'ear' (NIL 339-343, IEW 785).]
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    The cognacy of the Greek and Germanic forms is generally agreed, but the derivation of the forms from a common IE proto-form is disputed. An explanation from a compound stem *h₂k-h₂ou̯s-i̯e- 'is sharp-eared' is commonly considered (cf. [Ringe 2006](src-395):71), but this analysis remains uncertain (cf. [Beekes 2010](src-66):55). For references to older literature, cf. [Chantraine 1968–1980](src-270):50-51; [Lehmann 1986](src-179):180-181.