Cognate Set 7332 – Meaning: bad

IE-CoR reference form:
*kako-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Greek
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Proposed as cognate to:
*kakii̯ā̆- [Proto-Albanian] scale: 2
Justification:
Possibly to be connected with Proto-Albanian *kakii̯ā̆- (cf. Schumacher & Matzinger 2013:239), but it is difficult to be fully certain of the etymology (cf. Beekes 2010:619-620. Cf. further in cognate set 6597.
Found in clades:
Hellenic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 8 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
6   Greek: Ancient kakós κακός kakó̞s kakó̞s G.sg. κακοῦ; κακός, κακή, κακόν
5   Greek: Mycenaean ka-zo-e 𐀏𐀿𐀁 kaki̯ohes kaki̯ohes Adj.nom.pl. comparative form *ka-ko (= Classical Attic κακός). Cf. Classical Attic κακίων
8   Greek: Modern Std kakós κακός kaˈko̞s kaˈko̞s
7   Greek: New Testament kakós κακός kaˈko̞s kaˈko̞s > 30 attestations in the NT.
13   Tsakonian: Peloponnese kakó κακό kaˈko̞ kaˈko̞
11   Greek: Cypriot kakós κακός kɐˈkɔs kɐˈkɔs
14   Tsakonian: Propontis kakó κακό kaˈko̞ kaˈko̞
10   Greek: Pontic kakós κακός kaˈko̞s kaˈko̞s
References
  • Beekes, Robert: 619-620
    S.v. κακός 'bad, awful, worthless'. No clear etymology. Beekes assumes Phrygian κακο(υ)ν is a loan from Greek. There are some further possible IE comparisons, none of which is fully convincing. The most promising of these is to Standard Albanian keq 'bad'.
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    The possible connection to Proto-Albanian *kakii̯ā̆- is worth considering, but the connection is too speculative to merge this class with [cognate set 6597](cog-6597). This has been indexed as a proposed cognacy relationship at a 50/50 level. Whether these forms could be further projected back to a PIE root with zero-grade vocalism *k̑h₂k-, *kn̥k̑-(vel sim.) remains unclear.
  • Schumacher, Stefan and Matzinger, Joachim: 239
    Assumes a relation to Albanian keq 'bad' through a Proto-Albanian pre-form *kakii̯ā̆-, cf. [cognate set 6597](cog-6597), whereas Proto-Greek would show the same root with a simple thematic suffix (i.e. *kak-o-).