Cognate Set 7523 – Meaning: sleep

IE-CoR reference form:
*su̯ep-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Anatolian, Armenian, Indo-Iranic, Slavic, and Germanic lexemes derived from PIE *su̯ep- 'to fall asleep' (LIV² 612, cf. Kloekhorst 2008:787-789, Martirosyan 2010:667-668, EWAia II:791, Cheung 2007:145-147, Derksen 2008:481, Kroonen 2013:489, Seebold 1970:482-483).
Found in clades:
Anatolian, Armenian, Germanic, Indic, Iranic, Nuristani, Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 7 clades by 73 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
17   Armenian: Western kʿnanal քնանալ kʰənɑˈnɑl kʰun-ɑn-ɑ-l 'sleep' (n.)
16   Armenian: Eastern k'nel քնել kʰəˈnɛl kʰun-ɛ-l
79   Bulgarian spâ спя spʲɤ spjɤ
98   Belarusian spac′ спаць spɑ̈tsʲ spatsʲ
93   Czech spát spɑ̈ːt spaːt
110   Danish sove ˈsɒwə
104   Faroese sova ˈsoːva
29   Hindi sonā सोना sonɑ sonɑ
103   Icelandic sofa ˈsɔːva
34   Kashmiri šoŋgon شُنگُن ʃoŋɡon ʃoŋɡon
95   Sorbian: Lower spaś spɑ̈ɕ spaɕ
94   Sorbian: Upper spać spɑ̈tʃ spatʃ
80   Macedonian spie спие ˈspi.ɛ ˈspi.e
31   Nepali sutnu सुत्नु sut̪nu
88   Polish spać spɑ̈tɕ spatɕ
105   Norwegian: Bokmål sove ˈsòːʋə ˈsòːʋɛ
97   Russian spat' спать spɑ̈tsʲ spatʲ
83   Serbo-Croat spavati ˈspɑ̈̌ːvɑ̈ti ˈspǎːvati
91   Slovak spať spɑ̈c spac
85   Slovene spati ˈspɑ̈̀ːti ˈspàːti
109   Swedish sova ˈsòːva
99   Ukrainian spati спати ˈspɑ̈tɪ̽ ˈspatɪ
78   Old Church Slavonic sŭpati съпати sʊ̆pɑti sʊpati
67   Persian: Tehran xwābīdan خوابیدن χɒbidæn χɒbidæn
26   Maithili sutanā सुतना sʊt̪ənɑ
30   Urdu sonā سونا sonɑ
72   Ossetic: Iron fynæj kænyn фынӕй кӕнын fɘˈnɜj kɜnɘn fən-ɜj kɜn-ən
73   Ossetic: Digor funæj kænun фунӕй кӕнун funɜj kʰɜnun fun-ɜj kɜn-un The lexical component "fun-ɜj" is abl. of: fun 'sleep'.
46   Avestan: Younger xʷafda- 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬛𐬀 xʷafda sleep; fall asleep (inchoative stem xʷafsa-)
28   Bhojpuri sonā सोना sonɑ
107   Elfdalian såvå ˈsɔ̀vɔ ˈsɔ̀vɔ
108   Old Swedish sova ˈsova sova
22   Pali supati sʊpɐtɪ supati
49   Khotanese hūśtä huːʃʲtə huːʃtə Stem hūs-, past hūta-
51   Wakhi rʉx̌ʉp- rʉxʉp Past rox̌opt-
27   Magahi sonā सोना sonɑ
90   Polabian såpăt, såpot ˈsɒpɜt, sɒˈpɔt ˈsɒpɜt, sɒˈpot
89   Kashubian spac spɑ̈ts spats
15   Armenian: Classical kʿownem քունեմ kʰuˈnɛm kʰu(i)n-ɛ-m Denominative of քուն kʿown 'sleep' from PIE *su̯op-no-.
35   Palula síi سی siː síi
1   Hittite šupp- šu-up-pa-ri
87   Old Polish spać spa̠tɕ spatɕ
92   Old Czech spáti ˈspɑ̈ːci ˈspaːtji
96   Old Novgorod usŭnuti усънути uˈsnutʲi uˈsnutʲi
100   Rusyn spátɪ ˈspɑ̈tɘ̟ ˈspatɪ
81   Macedonian: Suho spàm spɑ̈m spam
82   Macedonian: Visoka spi spʲi spi
53   Yaghnobi ufs-
86   Slovene: Kostel spati ˈspɑ̈t spat
84   Slovene: Early Modern ſpati
32   Punjabi sauṇā ਸੌਣਾ
48   Sogdian ufs ʾwfs ufs PRS.STEM according to Yoshida (2009: 296), Cheung (2007: 146) assumes the prefix awa-, which would suggest ōfs-
63   Mazanderani xu dare χu dære
68   Bakhtiari xaw bidak, xawsidak χəw bið̞ak, χəwsið̞ak χaʋ bidak, χaʋsidak
61   Raji: Barzoki xaʋ darạ χaw d̪aɾa̠ˁ χaʋ d̪aɾa̠ˁ
69   Delvari χowen χowen
70   Lari axate aχate
71   Kumzari txwā'a tχwaːʔɐ tχwaːʔɐ
64   Balochi: Sistani wāb en wɑb en
62   Tati āxoti aχoti
57   Kurdish C.: Jafi axawıt æχæwɨt
58   Kurdish S.: Elami xafē χafeː The progressive/dynamic form is hā xāw.
60   Hawrami wtan wɨtæn
55   Parthian xuspēd xwspyd xuspeːd xuspeːd attested xwspʾ PRS.SBJV.3SG
66   Middle Persian xufsēd hwpsyt χufˈseːd χufseːd ZMP
50   Pashto ooda kedal اوده کيدل ʔu.d̪ə.ˈki.d̪əl ʔud̪əkid̪əl complex predicate, udǝ < *hufta- „asleep“
52   Sarikoli khuvd xuvd
102   Old Icelandic sofa ˈsova ˈsofa
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk sove ˈsoːʋə ˈsoːʋɛ
40   Kamviri pṣ′u- pʂˈu pʂˈu
41   Kâta-vari: Eastern pṣ′u- pṣu- pʂˈu- pʂˈu-
43   Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm proš di- pɾoʃdˈi- pɾoʃ dˈi- "sleep go"
59   Kurdish S.: Qorveh a-xaf-ē æxæfeː
References
  • Belyaev, Oleg:
    Ossetic Iron fən-ɜj kɜn-ən 'sleep': light verb kɜn-ən 'do' [cognate set 5037](cog-5037). Lexical part is abl. of fən 'sleep' < PIr. *hvafna-, cf. Persian xʷāb, Avestan xʷafna- etc.
  • Cheung, Johnny: 145-147
    S.v. Proto-Iranian *hu̯ap/f- 'to sleep', from PIE *su̯ep- 'to sleep' (cf. Lat. sōpīre 'to fall asleep', OCS sъpati 'to fall asleep', Russ. spat', OE swefan 'to sleep', etc.).
  • Derksen, Rick: 481
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *sъpati 'sleep', from PIE *sup- (cf. Skt. svápati, Lat. sōpīre, 'fall asleep', OE swefan).
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 787-789
    Cf. s.v. Hitt. šupp- 'to sleep' (mediopassive inflection, derived to the root), šupparii̯e/a- 'to sleep' (active inflection, secondarily derived from nominal 'sleep' as through from PIE *sup-r-i̯e/o-).
  • Kroonen, Guus: 489
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *sufan- 'to sleep', from PIE *sup-e- (cf. Hitt. šupp(t)ari 'to sleep' < *sup-e-, Skt. svápiti 'to sleep', Av. xᵛap- ~ xᵛaf- 'id.' < *suep-).
  • Martirosyan, Hrach: 667-668
    S.v. Arm. kʻun 'sleep', kʻnem 'to sleep', kʻunem 'to sleep', etc., long since related to the PIE word for 'sleep' from *su̯ep- (cf. nominal *su̯op-no- > Skt. svápna- 'sleep, dream', Av. xᵛafna-, Gk. ὕπνος, Lat. somnus 'sleep', Lith. sãpnas 'dream', OCS sъnъ 'sleep' etc.).
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:791
    S.v. Ved. √svap- 'schlafen' (Av. xᵛafsa 'schlafe!'), from PIE *su̯ep- (cf. Lat. sōpīre 'einschlafen', OE swefan 'schlafen', etc.).
  • Rix, Helmut: 612
    S.v. *su̯ep- 'einschlafen' (IEW 1048-1049).
  • Seebold, Elmar: 482-483
    S.v. Gmc. *swef-a- 'schlafen', connected with certainty to PIE *su̯ep- 'schlafen' (cf. Lat. sōpio, -īre 'einschläfern', OIr. súan 'Schlaf', Lith. sãpnas 'Traum', OCS sъpati 'schlafen', Gk. ὕπνος 'Schlaf', Ved. sváptu 'schläft', Hitt. šup-, šupparija- 'schlafen', TochB ṣpäne 'Schlaf, Traum').
  • Turner, R. L.: 613
    MIA & NIA forms derived from Skt. suptáḥ 'sleep'.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley: 803-804
    Cf. s.v. 13902 Ved. svápati 'sleeps' RV. and *supati.