Cognate Set 87 – Meaning: night

IE-CoR reference form:
*k⁽ʷ⁾sep-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Anatolian and Indo-Iranic lexemes derived from PIE *k⁽ʷ⁾sep- (HED A+E/I:431-435, Kloekhorst 2008:404, {ref {EWAia} I:424, cf. Abaev 1959–1995 IV:230-231, Sims-Williams 2007:276).
Found in clades:
Anatolian, Indic, Iranic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 3 clades by 30 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
67   Persian: Tehran šab شب ʃæb ʃæb
56   Kurdish N.: Bahdini šev ʃæv
72   Ossetic: Iron æxsæv ӕхсӕв ɜχˈʃɜv ɜχʃɜv
73   Ossetic: Digor æxsævæ ӕхсӕвӕ ɜχsɜvɜ ɜχsɜvɜ
65   Old Persian xšap 𐎧𐏁𐎱 χʃap
46   Avestan: Younger xšap 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬞 χʃap Stems xšap- and xšapan-/xšafn-
49   Khotanese ṣṣava ʂɐwɐ ʂau̯a
21   Vedic: Early kṣáp क्षप् ˈkʂɐp ksáp 'dark night'
1   Hittite išpant- iš-pa-an-za
66   Middle Persian šab šb ʃaβ ʃab ZP šp
55   Parthian šab šb ʃab ʃab
53   Yaghnobi xišáp
71   Kumzari šaw ʃɐw ʃɐw
54   Bactrian xabo χαβο χab assumed from the compound (hapax) χαβρωσο "night and day"
48   Sogdian xšapa xšpʾ χʃɐˈpa χʃapa
62   Tati šo ʃo
63   Mazanderani šu ʃu
68   Bakhtiari šaw ʃəw ʃaʋ
69   Delvari ʃow ʃow
70   Lari šow ʃow
64   Balochi: Sistani šap ʃæp
57   Kurdish C.: Jafi šaw ʃæw
58   Kurdish S.: Elami šaw ʃaw
60   Hawrami šawē ʃæweː
47   Khwarazmian ǝxxiba ʾxb əχχiba previously written "yʾxb", but y- is the proclitic article; reading by Benzing (1983: 120)
50   Pashto shpa شپه ʃpa ʃpa
61   Raji: Barzoki šaʋe ʃave ʃaʋe
52   Sarikoli khob xob
38   Khowar čhui چھوئے ˈtɕʰʊi tɕʰuj
59   Kurdish S.: Qorveh šaw ʃæw
References
  • Abaev, Vasilij Ivanovič: IV:230-231
    S.v. æxsæv ; æxsævæ 'ночь', from Ir. *xšap- or *xšapan- (cf. OPers. *kšap-, Pers., Tadj. šab, Kurd. šäw, šəv, Yaghn. xšap-, Sogd. *axšap- ('γšp-, 'xšp-), Khot. ṣṣava, Av. xšap-, xšapan-).
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 404
    S.v. Hitt. išpant- 'night'. Formally Hitt. išpant- reflects a zero-grade with an added suffix -ent- (i.e. *k⁽ʷ⁾sp-ent-), which is also found in terms like ḫamešḫant- (beside ḫamešḫa-) 'spring', zēnant- (beside zēna-) 'autumn', and gimmant- (beside gim(m)-) 'winter', etc.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:424
    S.v. Ved. kṣap- 'Nacht', from a PIIr. root noun *kšap-, from PIE *k⁽ʷ⁾sep- (cf. Hitt. ispant- 'Nacht').
  • Puhvel, Jaan: 431-435
  • Sims-Williams, Nicholas: 276
    Bactrian *χαβο attested from adv. χαβρωσο '(by) night and (by) day' < *kšapa- 'night' (cf. Chor. (ʾ)xʸb, Sogd. xšp) + ρωσο 'day'.