Cognate Set 178 – Meaning: ash

IE-CoR reference form:
*h₂eh₁s-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Proposed as cognate to:
*h₂eh₁- [Proto-Indo-European] scale: 4
Justification:
Anatolian, Indo-Iranic, and Germanic lexemes derived from PIE *h₂eh₁s- 'to dry out (by means of heat)'. The Germanic forms in this class are generally connected to this group although the morphological derivation remains obscure, cf. Lehmann 1986:54, EWA 1:365-366, Kluge 2011:64, 260, Kroonen 2013:38. Cf. also Lubotsky 1985:6. For the IE root reconstruction, cf. LIV² 257-258, Kloekhorst 2008:318-319; see also EWAia I:182-183). For Modern Indic and Nuristani lexemes connected to this class cf. Turner 1962–1966:67 no.1476.
Found in clades:
Anatolian, Germanic, Indic, Iranic, Nuristani
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 5 clades by 32 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
110   Danish aske ˈasɡə
116   Dutch as ɑs Removed ASCH - archaic form?
112   English ashes ˈæʃɪz
104   Faroese øska ˈœska ˈœska
117   Flemish asch
114   Frisian jiske ˈjɪskə Changed from YESKE.
122   German Asche ˈʔaʃə ˈaʃə
103   Icelandic aska ˈaska ˈaska
67   Persian: Tehran xākestar خاكستر χɑkʰesˈtær χɒkestar
105   Norwegian: Bokmål aske ˈɑ̀skə ˈɑ̀skɛ
21   Vedic: Early ā́saḥ आसः ˈaːsɐh áːsas AV ~ bhásma n. AV+ SHOULD BE EARLY VEDIC SWADESH TERM, on which see cognate set 2189.The Sanskrit word is a thematicized form from the full grade stem of the PIE root noun.
1   Hittite ḫāšš- ḫa-a-aš In Hittite the full grade stem (*h₂éh₁s-) was generalized.
109   Swedish aska ˈàska ˈàska
121   Luxembourgish Äschen æʃən æʃən plurale tantum
108   Old Swedish aska ˈaska aska
107   Elfdalian aska ɑ̀skɑ ɑ̀skɑ
123   German: Bernese Äsche äʃʃə äʃʃə
68   Bakhtiari xākeštar χɑceʃtaɾ χɑkeʃtar
119   Old High German aska ˈaska ˈaska
120   Middle High German asche ˈaʃə ˈaʃə
111   Old English asce ˈɑʃe ˈɑʃe
115   Middle Dutch assche ˈasxə ˈasxə
118   Old Saxon asko ˈasko ˈasko
102   Old Icelandic aska ˈaska ˈaska
101   Gothic azgo 𐌰𐌵𐌲𐍉 ˈazɡoː ˈazɡoː
39   Pashai: North-West aaskorə آسکوره ˌʔɑːsˈkoˑɾə aːskoːrə
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk oske ˈɔ̀skə ˈɔ̀skɛ
45   Vâsi-vari: Paṣki ′âs ˈās ˈaːs ˈas
40   Kamviri âs′a azˈɨ asˈɨ
41   Kâta-vari: Eastern âs′a as′ə asˈɨ asˈɨ
42   Kâta-vari: Ktivi âs′a asˈɨ asˈɨ
43   Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm âsa a̞sˈɐ a̞sˈɐ
References
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 318-319
    S.v. Hitt. ḫāšš- (c.) 'ashes', from PIE *h₂eh₁s- (cf. Skt. ā́sa- 'ash', OHG essa 'ash', ON aRina 'ash', Lat. ārēre 'to dry', OLat. āsa 'altar', TochAB ās- 'to dry out', Hitt. ḫāšša- 'hearth').
  • Kluge, Friedrich: 64, 260
    S.v. NHG Asche (MHG asche, OHG asca, MLG asche) from Germanic *aska- 'Asche', also found in ON aska, OE æsce, beside *azgo- in Goth. azgo. Probably a formation belonging to IE *has- 'Herd' (cf. similarly Ved. ā́sa- Hitt. hašš- 'Asche'); cf. also NHG Esse 'Feuerherd, Schmiedefeuer' (MHG esse, OHG essa, from Gmc. *esjō 'Esse', also in OSw. æsja), outside of Germanic compare Lat. āra 'Brandaltar' Hitt. hašš- 'Herd, Feuerstelle')
  • Kroonen, Guus: 38
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *askōn- f. 'ashes', but notes that it remains problematic to bring the Gothic form and the North and West Germanic forms together. Thus he proposes an alternative source form gmc. *adᶻdʰgʰ- from a compound formed from the roots ie. *h₂ed- 'to desiccate' and *dʰegʷʰ- 'to burn'.
  • Lehmann, Winfred P.: 54
    S.v. Goth. A245. *azgo 'σποδός', 'ashes' (OI aska, OE asca, æsca, OHG asca 'ashes'). From PIE *ā̆s- 'burn' (Arm. ačiun, Skt. ā́sas 'ashes, dust', Lat. areō 'to dry', Hitt. ḫašša- 'ashes, hearth').
  • Lloyd, Albert L. and Springer, Otto: 365f.
    Also reconstructs Proto-Germanic *askōn from Proto-Indo-European *az-g-, inspite of the problem to connect the Gothic form to it. The extended stem *az-g- might appear in Armenian ačiwn, as well.
  • Lubotsky, Alexander: 6
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:182-183
    S.v. Ved. ā́sa- 'Asche, leicht verfliegender Staub', connected with an IE root *h₂es- 'brennen, vertrocknen' (cf. Lat. āridus 'trocken', OHG asca 'Asche', etc.).
  • Rix, Helmut: 257-258
    Cf. s.v. *h₂eh₁s- '(durch Hitze) vertrocknen' (IEW 68).
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley: 67
    Cf. s.v. 1476 ā́sa- (2) *'throwing', m. 'ashes, light dust' AV.