Cognate Set 309 – Meaning: stand

IE-CoR reference form:
*steh₂-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Anatolian, Hellenic, Indo-Iranic, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic derivatives from PIE *steh₂- 'to position (oneself), stand' (LIV² 590-592, cf. Kloekhorst 2008:879-880, Beekes 2010:601, EWAia II:764-766, ALEW 981-982, Derksen 2015:430, Derksen 2008:465-466, 468, Seebold 1970:464-465, Kroonen 2013:473, 477, de Vaan 2008:589-590, Matasović 2009:338).
Found in clades:
Anatolian, Balto-Slavic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indo-Iranic, Italic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 7 clades by 100 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
77   Bulgarian stoâ стоя stuˈjɤ stoˈjɤ
96   Belarusian staâc′ стаяць stɑ̈ˈjatsʲ staˈjatsʲ
91   Czech stát stɑ̈ːt staːt
108   Danish stå ˈsdɔˀ
114   Dutch staan stan
110   English stand stænd
102   Faroese standa ˈstand̥a
115   Flemish staen
112   Frisian stean stɪ.ən
120   German stehen ˈʃteːən ˈʃteːhən
8   Greek: Modern Std stékomai στέκομαι ˈste̞ko̞me̞ ˈste̞ko̞me̞ Remodelled from Hellenistic (ἐ)στηκω, originally adapted from Ancient Greek ἕστηκα, perfect stem of ἵστημι 'stand'.
101   Icelandic standa ˈstand̥a
160   Gaelic: Irish bí ina sheasamh ˈbʲiː ˈsʲæsˠə̃vˠ ˈbʲiː ˈsʲasˠəṽˠ
74   Lithuanian stovė́ti stoːˈʋeːtʲɪ stoːˈveːtɪ
93   Sorbian: Lower stojaś ˈstɔjɑ̈ɕ ˈstojaɕ
92   Sorbian: Upper stać stɑ̈tʃ statʃ
78   Macedonian stoi стои ˈsto̞.i ˈsto.i
67   Persian: Tehran īstādan ایستادن iːstʰɒːˈdæn istɒdɒn
86   Polish stać stɑ̈tɕ statɕ
103   Norwegian: Bokmål stå stoː stoː
95   Russian stoât' стоять stɐˈjɑ̈tsʲ stoˈjatʲ
132   Sardinian: Logudoro istare isˈtarɛ isˈtarɛ
81   Serbo-Croat stajati ˈstɑ̈̌jɑ̈ti ˈstǎjati
89   Slovak stáť stɑ̈ːc staːc
83   Slovene stati ˈstɑ̈̀ːti ˈstàːti
107   Swedish stå stoː
97   Ukrainian stoâti стояти stɔˈjɑ̈tɪ̽ stoˈjatɪ
122   Latin stāre staːre staːre stō, stāre, stetī, statum
119   Luxembourgish stoen ˈʃtoːən ˈʃtoːən
72   Latvian stāvēt ˈstɑːvɛːt stɑːvɛːt
75   Old Prussian stānintei
6   Greek: Ancient hístēmi ἵστημι hístɛːmi hístɛːmi Inf. ἱστάναι.
158   Gaelic: Scottish seasamh ʃesəv (state)
76   Old Church Slavonic stojati стояти stɔjati stojati
19   Vedic: Early sthā- स्था- stʰaː stʰaː- root
44   Avestan: Younger hištaiti 𐬵𐬌𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 hiʃtati
2   Luvian tā(i)- ta-a-i (CL) Native script form is 3.sg.pres.act.
157   Old Irish do·airissedar d̪ɔˈarʲɪsʲɛðˠʊrˠ doˈarʲəsʲəðər
65   Old Persian hišta 𐏃𐏁𐎫 hiʃta The word 𐏃𐏁𐎫𐎫𐎹 : is commonly read as 3pl. hištanti
146   Umbrian stahu Native script: staheren (3.pl.fut., Ib 19), Latin script: stahitu (3.sg.imptv., VIb 56), stahituto (3.pl.imptv., VIb 53), Paleo-Umbrian form: stahu (1.sg.pres., Um 10, Um 11).
54   Kurdish N.: Bahdini rawestiya ye rɑwæstijɑ jæ
159   Gaelic: Manx shassoo ˈʃazu ˈʃasu seasamh
153   Old Breton sab / to
148   Old Welsh cf. sebedlauc seβeðlauɡ deverb. adj. 'standing'
105   Elfdalian standa ˈstɑ̀ndɑ ˈstɑ̀ndɑ
106   Old Swedish standa ˈstanda standa
24   Maithili ṭhāṛ rahanā ठाड़ रहना ʈʰɑɽ ɾəhnɑ
154   Middle Breton bezaff / lesell / seuell en e sav ˈbeːðaṽ / ˈleːselː / ˈseːvelː en e saːv As in French, there is no verb 'to stand' in Breton. IN Middle Breton the concept is expressed by light-verb constructions, combining the verbs bezaff 'to be',seuell 'to rise up' or lesell 'to leave' with the noun phrase en e (he etc.) sav, eus e sav 'in his/her standing'.
7   Greek: New Testament hístēmi ἵστημι ˈiste̝mi ˈiste̝mi > 30 attestations in the NT.
47   Khotanese ṣṭäte ʂʈəðɛ ʂʈəðe Stem ṣṭ-, past stāta-
88   Polabian stot stɔt stot
87   Kashubian stac stɑ̈ts stats
66   Middle Persian īstēd ʿystyd iːst- iːsteːd AF ʿst-, past ʿystʾd-; ZP ʾyst-, past ʾystʾt- (note: Durkin-Meisterernst 2004: 99 transcribes ēstēd/estēd)
53   Parthian īštēd ʿštyd iːʃteːd iːʃteːd AF ʿyšt-, past ʿ(y)štʾd- (Durkin-Meisterernst 2004: 94 reads išt-/ēšt-); cf. frequent awešt-
145   Oscan staít Native script: staít (3.sg.pres., TA B 22), stahínt (3.pl.pres., Cp 25), stahint (3.pl.pres., Cp 25), staíet (3.pl.pres., CA B 31, Cp 24), stai[ (parsing unclear, Sa 17), staieffud (3.sg.pf.?, Cp 31), eestínt (3.pl.pres., TA B 1.3) w/ preverb ē-.
11   Greek: Cypriot stékō στέκω ˈstɛkɔ ˈstɛkɔ Alternative form: στέκουμαι.
9   Greek: Cappadocian sték(n)ō στέκ(ν)ω ˈstek(n)o ˈstek(n)o also /ˈste(ɣ/x)no/
10   Greek: Pontic stékō στέκω ˈste̞ko̞ ˈste̞ko̞
12   Greek: Italiot stékō στέκω ˈste̞ko̞ ˈste̞ko̞ Cal.; /ˈste̞o̞/ Ap.
73   Latgalian stuovēt ˈstuɔvæːtʲ stuɔveːtʲ
133   Old French ester
134   Anglo-Norman ester
33   Palula uthí hóonsa اُتھیۡ ہونسہ uˈt̪ʰi ˈɦõ̤ːsa utʰí hóonsa
156   Breton: Treger sevel, sav- (stand up), beżã en e sav (be standing) ˈze̝ːvël, ˈzaːv-, ˈbe̝ːã n i ˈzaː ˈze̝vël, ˈzav-, ˈbe̝-ã n i ˈzaː
155   Breton: Gwened sewel, saw-, boud ba i saw səɥəl, säɥ-, bud ba i säɥ
150   Welsh: North sefyll ˈsɛvɨɬ ˈsevɨɬ
85   Old Polish stać stɒːtɕ, sta̠tɕ staːtɕ, staɕ
149   Middle Welsh sefyll sevɨɬ
90   Old Czech státi ˈstɑ̈ːci ˈstaːtji
94   Old Novgorod stojati стояти stɔˈjætʲi stɔˈjætʲi
98   Rusyn stojátɪ stɔˈjɑ̈tɘ̟ stoˈjatɪ
20   Pali tiṭṭhati tɪʈʈʰɐtɪ tiʈʈʰati
84   Slovene: Kostel stati stɑ̈ːt staːt
82   Slovene: Early Modern ſtati
121   German: Bernese stah ʃtaː ʃtaː
35   Gawarbati wuṭ bik وُٹ بِک ʋʊ˞ɖˈbik wuʈ bik
61   Mazanderani herestāe herestɒe
68   Bakhtiari vāstādak ʋɑstɑð̞ak ʋɑstɑdak
59   Raji: Barzoki ʋeštạdạ veʃt̪a̠ˁd̪a̠ˁ ʋeʃt̪a̠ˁd̪a̠ˁ
62   Balochi: Sistani oštata oʃtætæ
60   Tati baštā bæʃta
55   Kurdish C.: Jafi awasıt æwæsɨt
46   Sogdian ōštit ʾwšṭyyṭ oːʃtit MS, CS ʾwšt-, reading uncertain
69   Delvari vejsejen vejsejen
70   Lari avayse avajse
56   Kurdish S.: Elami wısāga wɘ̟sɒɡa
124   Megleno-Romanian stári
117   Old High German stān staːn staːn
111   Old Frisian stān staːn staːn
118   Middle High German stân staːn staːn
109   Old English standan ˈstɑndɑn ˈstɑndɑn
116   Old Saxon standan ˈstandan ˈstandan
113   Middle Dutch staen staːn staːn
100   Old Icelandic standa ˈstanda ˈstanda
99   Gothic standan 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 ˈstandan ˈstandan
22   Assamese thiẏ hûwā থিয় হোৱা tʰij hʊɑ
151   Middle Cornish sevel ˈsevəl
152   Late Cornish seval, saval ˈsevəl, ˈsavəl
104   Norwegian: Nynorsk stå stoː stoː
57   Kurdish S.: Qorveh a-ws-ē æwseː
References
  • Beekes, Robert: 601
    S.v. ἵστημι 'to make stand, set up, take position, bring to a standstill, etc.' < PIE *steh₂- 'stand, set'.
  • Derksen, Rick: 465-466, 468
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *stati 'stand, become' from PIE *steh₂- and Proto-Slavic *stojati 'stand' from PIE *stoh₂- (cf. Skt. tiṣthati, Gk. ἵστημι, Lat. stāre).
  • Derksen, Rick: 430
    S.v. Lith. stovė́ti 'stand' (Latv. stãvẽt), from PIE *sth₂-ẽu- (cf. OE stowian 'keep from').
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 981-982
    S.v. OLith. stovė́ti 'stehen' (BSl. Latv. stãvêt 'stehen; sein, bestehen, bleiben, dauern, währen', OCS staviti 'stellen, zum Stehen beginnen', etc.). Lith. stovė́ti and its cognates become to the IE root *steh₂- 'wohin treten, sich hinstellen' (cf. Lith. stóti). The following u̯-element in the stem formation (as though from *steh₂-u̯- has been variously explained [cf. ALEW entry for further discussion and references to further literature].
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 879-880
    Cf. s.v. tii̯e/a- 'to step, to go stand, to place oneself, to set in' (cf. CLuw. tā- 'to come to stand', HLuw. ta- 'to come to stand', tanu- 'to set up, erect, establish', from PIE *(s)th₂-i̯e/o-.
  • Kroonen, Guus: 473, 477
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *standan- 'to stand', and *stēn- 'to stand', two stems in suppletion with one another, but both ultimately derivatives of PIE *steh₂- 'stand'. The vocalism of *stēn- can be accounted for in different ways (cf. entry s.v. *stēn- for further discussion), but the best solution for the root vocalism is probably on analogy to *gēn- 'go' (cf. Seebold 1970:464-465).
  • Matasović, Ranko: 338
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *si-sta- 'put, stand', from PIE *steh₂- (cf. Lat. stō, stāre, Gk. ἵστημι, Lith. stóti, OCS stojati, OHG stān).
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:764-766
    S.v. Ved. √sthā- 'stehen, dastehen, still stehen, verweilen' (OAv., YAv. xšta-, YAv. hišta- 'stehen'), from PIE *steh₂- (cf. Gk. ἵστημι, Lat. sistere, status 'stellen', OHG stān 'stehen', Lith. stóti 'sich hinstellen', Latv. stât 'stellen', OCS stati 'sich stellen, treten', Luw. ta- 'stehen, zum Stehen kommen').
  • Rix, Helmut: 590-592
    S.v. *steh₂- 'wohin treten, sich hinstellen' (IEW 1004-1008). Cf. LIV entry for variety of derived verbal stems attested in the individual branches.
  • Seebold, Elmar: 464-465
    Cf. s.v. Proto-Germanic *stǣ- 'stehen'. The vocalism ē against ā in other languages is unexplained. One generally assumes an original *stō- modified on analogy to *gǣ- 'gehen', although other explanations are possible.
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 589-590
    S.v. Lat. stō, stāre 'to stand; to halt', from PIE *sth₂-eh₁-i̯e/o- 'to stand'.